the labor available. High pressures and large nozzles mean 

 much saving in labor, but cannot be said in other respects to 

 produce better results than relatively low pressures and small 

 nozzles. 



Fourth Treatment. 



This fourth treatment is necessary only where the plum cur- 

 culio normally stings a sufficient number of the apples to seri- 

 ously damage the crop. It is based on the fact that the 

 writer has never observed an instance in which the plum cur- 

 culio has stung the fruit through a good spray coating. It is 

 his observation that this insect hunts up the spots which the 

 spray coating does not cover, and there does its work. In his 

 experience the principal damage by the plum curculio occurs 

 within a space of five or six days, and that in the past this 

 damage has taken place in the period between the blossom 

 fall and the next recommended spray. At this time the growth 

 of the apple is exceedingly rapid, and the spray coating ad- 

 ministered to it at the fall of the petals is quickly broken, 

 giving the plum curculio every opportunity to find spots that 

 are free from the spraying mixtures. 



It is therefore recommended that this treatment be begun 

 not more than one week after the blossoms fall. The material 

 should be the same, with the exception of the nicotine, as that 

 recommended for the blossom fall spray, provided, of course, 

 that the varieties are not especially subject to russet. This 

 question of damage by russeting will be discussed later in this 

 paper. 



The material should be applied as a fine mist, and both 

 fruit and foliage should be very thoroughly coated. The ma- 

 chinery question here is the same as in preceding treatments, 

 and needs no especial consideration. 



Fifth Treatment. 



Ten days after the fourth treatment, or approximately three 

 weeks after the blossoms drop, the first brood of codling moth 

 worms will begin to enter the apples. Inasmuch *as many of 

 the eggs of this insect are laid upon leaves at a considerable 

 distance from the apples, with the result that the young worms 



