9 



soiled from lickino; up the globules of spray between the time 

 they emerge and the time they lay their eggs. There may, 

 however, be some cases in which, because of non-cultivation of 

 orchards, and because of no effort to destroy the dropped 

 apples, this insect may not be thus brought under control. 

 Where such difficulty is anticipated the orchardist should take 

 some of the infested apples of last year's crop, place them upon 

 medium, moist soil in a box, and cover the open end of the box 

 with wire mosquito netting. He should maintain the moisture 

 of this soil by adding a little water from time to time. In due 

 time the adult flies will appear in the box. Shortly thereafter, 

 assuming that the box has been kept out of doors under out- 

 door conditions, he should apply to his trees a spray consisting 

 of 4 pounds of powdered arsenate of lead to 100 gallons of 

 water. In view of the fact that it is expected the flies will be 

 killed by consuming the droplets of the spray liquid, it is prob- 

 able that a spray slightly coarser than the one recommended 

 in the regular treatments would be best. Ordinarily these 

 flies appear in early July, almost coincident with the sixth 

 spray of the schedule, but of course may not always do so. 

 However, it is advisable that the orchardist practice, wherever 

 possible, clean orchard culture, and depend upon the regular 

 sprayings to take care of this insect. 



The apple leaf hopper is an insect which may or may not 

 appear in the orchard in any given year. It is therefore neces- 

 sary for the orchardist to detect it after it has hatched and 

 before it has reached the winged stage. This can be done by 

 examining the under sides of the foliage from time to time, 

 keeping a sharp watch for a small, slender, greenish white insect 

 which is able to move rapidly over the leaves, but which cannot 

 at this stage fly. When these insects are discovered the orchard 

 should be promptly sprayed. If a regular spraying is due, 

 simply add to the regular spray material 40 per cent nicotine 

 at the rate of three-fourths of a pint to 50 gallons. If no 

 regular spray is due, treat the trees thoroughly with a mixture 

 composed of three-fourths of a pint of 40 per cent nicotine to 

 50 gallons of water, to which soap has been added at the rate 

 of 2 pounds where the water is soft, or 3 to 5 pounds where 

 the water is hard. In making these treatments especial pains 



