of insects, nevertheless certain species sometimes become nu- 

 merous upon them. The white pine is a favorite with titmice 

 and kinglets in winter, as they often find the eggs of aphides 

 on these trees in enormous numbers. The seeds of coniferous 

 trees are eaten by a few species of birds. Larches and spruces 

 attract crossbills while the former are favorites of goldfinches. 

 Elms ripen their seeds early, thus providing food for birds in 

 early summer, while the spanworms that infest elms and apple 

 trees are sought by nearly all birds. 



Mr. W. L, McAtee of the Biological Survey, who has made 

 a special study of fruits attractive to birds, has published in 

 Farmers' Bulletin 912 the following table to show the relative 

 attractiveness to birds of certain genera of fruits. Following 

 Table 1 we reproduce another table from Farmers' Bulletin 621, 

 entitled "How to attract Birds in Northeastern United States," 

 showing the seasons in which certain fruits are available for 

 birds. These and the succeeding lists of plants have been 

 slightly changed and adapted to the present publication, but 

 mainly by bringing the botanical names more nearly to date. 



Table 1. — Preferences of Birds among Genera of Fleshy Fruits. 



Common Name. 



Scientific Name. 



Number 

 of Species of 

 Birds known 



to eat the 

 Fruit. 1 



Juniper; red cedar, 

 Greenbrier, . 

 Bayberry, 

 Hackberry, . 

 Mulberry, 



Pokeberry, . 



Barberry, 



Spicebush, . 



Sassafras, 



Currant; gooseberry, . 



Strawberry, . 

 Raspberry; blackberry, 

 Rose, . . . . 

 Mountain ash, 

 Chokeberry, 



Red haw, 

 Juneberry, . 

 Cherry; plum. 

 Sumac, 2 

 Holly 



Supple-jack, 

 Buckthorn, . 

 Grape, . . . . 

 Virginia creeper, . 

 Buffalo berry. 



Juniperus, 

 Smilax, 



Myrica, . 

 Celtis, . 

 Morus, . 



Phytolacca, 



Berberis, 



Benzoin, 



Sassafras, 



Ribes, 



Fragaria, 

 Rubus, . 

 Rosa, 

 Sorbus, . 

 Aronia, . 



CratcBgus, 

 Anielanchier , 

 Prunus, 

 Rhus, 

 Ilex, 



Berchemia, 

 Rhamnus, 

 Vitis, 

 Parthenocissus, 

 Shepherdia, . 



36 

 38 

 64 

 38 

 52 



48 

 10 

 17 

 15 

 30 



42 

 114 

 17 

 14 

 13 



30 

 38 

 66 

 76 

 38 



12 

 16 

 71 

 39 

 13 



' When tea or more. 



2 Nonpoisonous species. 



