12 



The plants given in the above list are selected from a much 

 larger number, all of which are known to be favorites with 

 birds, and are such as are likely to be secured through the 

 ordinary channels of trade. The fruiting seasons include the 

 earliest and latest dates recorded for New York and New Eng- 

 land, and it cannot be expected that fruit will be available at 

 any one locality throughout the entire season given, unless a 

 large number of plants are set in a variety of situations. Mr. 

 McAtee also gives the following valuable notes on the foregoing 

 list: — 



Bayberry. Usual trade name is Myrica cerifera. Now known to bota- 

 nists as M. carolinensis. 

 Hackberry. Fruit scarce in late May and June. Celtis sefrata, C. hun- 



geana or C. mississippiensis may be substituted. 

 Mulberry. Morus tatarica may be used. 

 Poke weed. Let it grow through shrubs or a trellis which will support it 



in winter. • ■ 



Barberry. Berberis amurensis, B. aristata, B. regeliana and B. rehderiana 



are good substitutes. The universally planted B. thunbergii seems to 



be of very little value as bird food.^ 

 Sassafras. Appears in most catalogues as S. officinale or S. sassafras. 

 Flowering apple. The following may be substituted: P. baccata, P. halli- 



ana, P. parkmanii, P. sargentii and P. toringo. 

 Chokeberry. Often called Pyrus or Aronia nigra. P. arbutijolia, another 



native species, retains its fruit just as long, but the fruit becomes very 



dry toward the end of the season. 

 Cherry. Prunus cerasijera, P. fruticosus, P. japonica pendula, P. sargentii 



and P. tomentosa, all introduced, are worth adding. 

 Sumac. Rhus copallina or R. hirta (typhina) may be substituted for R. 



glabra. 

 Juneberry. Amelanchier canadensis, sold by nurserymen, is a composite 



species. Several species are now recognized, among which A. Icevis is a 



notably early fruiter and A. sanguinea a late one. Some fruit of June 



berries occasionally hangs much later than the season indicated, but in 



very dry condition. 

 Thorns. The species recommended are those usual in the trade. So far 



as desirability is concerned many native species could be substituted. 



Cotoneasters, such as C. coccinea, C. horizontalis, C. microphylla, C. 



rotundijolia and C. tomentosa, may also be used. 

 Strawberry. Often called Fragaria vesca var. americana. F. virginiana is 



a fair substitute. Little dealt in; must usually be transplanted from 



woods and fields. 



1 Although this sentence probably was true when first written, many birds turned to these 

 berries in the hard winter of 1917-18. Mockingbirds seek them and bluebirds feed on them dur- 

 ing the cold waves of early spring. E. H. F. 



