192 COLUBRID.E. 



Coluber alpinus, Georgi, /. e. 

 ? Coluber ponticus, Georgi, I. c. 

 Coluber gollicus, Herm. 1. c, p. 281. 



caucasius, Pall. I. c. p. 46. 



Coronella laevis, Jloit, Isi*, 1827, p. 539 ; Eichw. Zool. Spec. iii. 

 p. 175 (1831); Nordm. in Demtd. Voy. Russ. Mer. iii. p. 350, 

 Kept. pis. xii. & xiii. (1840) ; Dum. Sf Bibr. vii. p. 610 (1854); 

 Jan, Icon. Gen. 14, pi. vi. fig. 4 (1865) ; Cooke, Our Kept. p. 53, 

 pi. iv. (1866); Viaud-Grandm. Et. Serp. Vend. p. 12 (1868); 

 Fat.io, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 177 (1872); Lataste, Herp. Gir. p. 145 

 (1876); Cambridge, Proc. Dorset N. H. Club, vii. 1886, p. 84, 

 pi. vi. ; Tomasini, JViss. Mitth. aus Bom. u. Jferzeg. ii. p. 622 (1894). 



Zacholus ausi riaciis, Fitzing. Beitr. Landesk. Oesterr. i. p. 326 (1832) ; 

 Bonap. Mem. Ace. Tor. (2) ii. 1839, p. 431 ; Gliickselig, Lotus, 

 i. 1851, t>. 198. 



Coluber nebulpsus, Menetr. Cat. Hats. p. 73 (1832). 



Coronella laevis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 65, pi. ii. figs. I:.' \ 1 '! 

 (1837). 



Zacholus fitzinpreri, Bonap. I. c. 



laevis, Eichw. Faun. Casp.-Cauc. p. 118 (1841). 



Coronella laevis, vars. caucasica et aegyptiaca. Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. 

 Phys. ii. 1863, p. 238. 



austriaca, var. italica, Schreib. I. c. fig. 



laevis, var. leopardina, F. Mutt. Verh. not. Ges. Bagel, vii. 



1884, p. 283. 



Snout obtuse or more or less prominent : rostral at least as deep 

 as broad, more or less produced posteriorly between the internasala, 

 the portion visible from above at least half as long (in some speci- 

 mens quite as long) as its distance from the frontal, rarely separating 

 the internasals, which are shorter than the praef rentals ; frontal as 

 long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter 

 than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one (rarely two) prae- 

 and two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 or 2-f3 (rarely 1+2) ; seven 

 (rarely eight) upper labials, third and fourth (or fourth and fifth) 

 entering the eye ; four (rarely three) lower labials in contact with 

 the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the 

 posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 153-199 ; anal divided 

 (rarely entire) ; subcaudals 42-70. Brown or reddish above, often 

 with one or three lighter stripes, with small dark brown or brick- 

 red spots usually disposed in pairs ; frequently two dark brown or 

 brick-red stripes on the nape, usually confluent with a large dark 

 blotch on the occiput ; a dark streak on each side of the head, from 

 the nostril to the angle of the mouth, passing through the eye, 

 sometimes extending along each side of the neck ; lower parts red, 

 orange, brown, grey, or blackish, uniform or speckled with black 

 and white. Spec, u is pale brown above, with four black lines 

 along the anterior part of the body, and two small, yellowish, dark- 

 edged spots close together on the back of the head, separated by 

 the parietal suture. 



Total length 720 millim. ; tail 140. 



Europe, as far north as 62 (in Great Britain only in Hampshire 

 and Dorsetshire, perhaps also in Surrey), Transcaucasia, Talysch 

 Syria. 



