54. ZAMENIS. 405 
Snout obtuse, curved and projecting. Rostral large, broader than 
deep, the portion visible from above more than half its distance from 
the frontal ; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal ante- 
riorly much broader than the supraocular, once and a quarter to 
once and a half as long as broad, nearly as long as its distance 
from the end of the snout, or as the parietals; loreal as long as 
deep or longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with the 
frontal, usually with a small subocular below it; two or three post- 
oculars ; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and 
fifth entering the eye ; four or tive lower labials in contact with the 
anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields nearly as long as the 
anterior, separated from each other by two or three series of scales, 
Scales smooth, in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 197-225; anal divided; 
subcaudals 73-92. Yellowish or brownish olive above, with narrow 
white, brown, and black variegated cross bands on the anterior half 
of the body ; these bands may entirely disappear in the adult ; lower 
parts uniform yellowish. 
Total length 1060 millim. ; tail 220. 
Madras Presidency, Northern India, Province Wellesley (Malay 
Peninsula). 
a. Hgr.(V.200; C.?). | Vizagapatam District. Dr. P. Russell. 
b. Hyr. (V.197; C.88). Madras. sf A Jerdon, Esq. 
c. Yg. (V.209; C.92). Madras. sil W. Elliot (P.}. 
d. Yg. Ms . 212; C.82).  Benares. Dr. Sayer { P. }. 
e. Yg. (V. 225; C.77). Gwalior. C. Maries, Esq. [E.]. 
f-g. & (V. 228,211; C. India. Zoological Society. 
87, ?). 
h. Yg. (V. 198; C. 87). Prov. Wellesley. Dr. Cantor, 
23. Zamenis ravergieri. 
Coluber ravergieri, Ménétr. Cat. Rais, p. 69 (1832). 
—— maculatus (non Merr.), Dwigubsky, Nat. Hist. Russ., Amphib, 
p- 26 (1832).— Teste Strauch. 
Zamenis caudelineatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 104 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 
23, pl. iii. (1867). 
re caudelineatus, Jan, in De Filippi, Viagg. Pers. p. 355 
(1865). 
Zamenis ravergieri, Strauch, Schlang. Russ, R. p.127 (1873); Blanf. 
ae Pers. p. 417 (1876), and 2nd Yark. Miss., Kept. p, 22 
1878). 
Ee fedtschenkoi, Strauch, /. c. p. 135, pl. iv. 
—— ravergieri, var. fedtschenkoi, Loetty, Zool. Jahrb. iii, 1888, 
p- 927. 
Snout feebly projecting, obtuse. Rostral once and one third to 
once and a half as broad as deep, the. portion visible from above 
measuring one third or one fourth its distance from the frontal ; 
internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals ; 
frontal anteriorly considerably broader than the supraocular, once 
and one fourth to once and a as long as broad, as long as or a 
