406 COLUBRID. 
little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter 
than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ora little longer; two pre- 
oculars, with one or two suboculars below them ; upper prwocular in 
contact with the frontal, usually more than half as long as the 
supraocular ; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals very small 
and scale-like; nine or ten upper labials, fifth and sixth entering 
the eye; four or five lower lahials in contact with the anterior 
chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields about as long as the anterior, 
but narrower and separated from each other by two or three rows 
of scales. Scales with a more or less distinct, obtuse, or faint keel, 
in 21 (rarely 23) rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 190- 
222; anal divided ; subcaudals 75-101. Pale buff or greyish above, 
with a dorsal series of dark rhomboidal spots or narrow cross bars, 
alternating with a series of smaller spots on each side; the dorsal 
spots usually confluent into longitudinal streaks on the tail; an 
oblique dark streak below the eye, and another from the eye to the 
angle of the mouth; head sometimes nearly entirely black, belly 
uniform whitish or more or less obscured with blackish dots. 
Total length 1330 millim. ; tail 320. 
Transcaucasia, Persia, Transcaspia, Turkestan, Afghanistan. 
a-c, d-e. g (Se. 21, J Shiraz. (Types of Z. caudolineatus.) 
si 197, 194; C. 
), 2 (Se. 21,21; 7 
901; 210; C. 95, 87), 
& xB. (Sc. 21; V. 192; 
C.8 
of g (se 21; V.202; C. Dehbid, Persia. 
g. 2 (Se. 23; V. 211; Karman. W. apes: Esq. 
C. 82 [E.]. 
h. 8 (Se. 21; V. 209; C. Kohrud, N. of Isfa- W.'T. Blanford, Esq. 
93). han. (E.]. 
i. J ie 21; V. 198; Ain Dara, W.slopeof M.C. Eylandt [C.]. 
C, Copet Dagh, Trans- 
caspia. 
k. Her. Q (Se. 21; V. Nuhar, W. slope of M. ©. Eylandt [C.}. 
206; C. 82). Copet Dagh, Trans- 
caspia. 
l-m. 3 (Sc.21; V.190; Puli Hatun, Trans- M. C. Eylandt [C.]. 
C. 82) & yg. (Se. 21; caspia. 
V. 206; C. 86). 
n. Her. (Se. 23; V.218; Samarkand. St. Petersburg Mus. 
C. 97). [E. |. (As typical of 
Z. fedtschenkot.) 
0. oa (Sc. 21; V. 216; Zandra, Afghanistan. me A. Murray 
89). [ 
p. & (Se. 21; V. 197; Tirphul. Dr. J J stchison [0 
C. 85). Afghan Boundary Commission. 
q. ot a 21; V. 211; Chin Kilak. Dr. J. Aitchison [C. ]}. 
Afghan Boundary Commission. 
r. Tier (Sc. 21; V.201; Old Gulran. Dr. J. Aitchison [C.). 
C. 84). Afghan Boundary Commission, 
