137. LANGAHA. 35 
é. & (V. 175; C. 162). Tamatave. Rev. W. D. Cowan 
[C.}. 
SJ. & (V. 170; C. 164). Sahambendrana. M. Majastre [C.]. 
g Q (V.176; C.144). Antongil Bay. L. ‘oo Esq. 
[P.]. 
A, Skull of e. 
2. Ithycyphus miniatus. 
Coluber miniatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p.148 (1837), and Abbild. 
p- 104, pl. xxviii. figs. 12-16 (1844). 
Dryophylax miniatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. P: 1120 (1854). 
Philodryas miniatus, Jan, Elenco, p. 84 (1863) ; Boettg. Abh. Senck. 
Ges. xi. 1877, p. 18, and 1879, p. 464, and xii, 1881, p. 444. 
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals 
as long as broad or longer than broad, a little shorter than the 
prefrontals ; frontal bell-shaped, once and one third to once and a 
half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the 
end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; 
loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; one preocular, not 
reaching the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals 
1+2 (rarely 2+3); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering 
the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior 
chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the: posterior. 
Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 195-212; anal divided; subcaudals 
128-164. Greyish, yellowish, or reddish, uniform or with small 
darker and lighter variegations; posterior part of body and tail 
sometimes bright red; sides of head and neck sometimes with a 
blackish streak, passing through the eye; labials yellowish, some- 
_ times edged with blackish ; belly more or less closely speckled with 
brown. 
Total length 1230 millim.; tail 400. 
Madagascar ; Comoro Islands. 
a. 9 (V. 198; C. 158). Madagascar. 
b-e. 3 (V. 202, 202 ; Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.]. 
C. 160, 160) & Q (V. 
207, 195 ; C. ?, 138). 
137. LANGAHA. 
Langaha, Brugniére, Journ. de Phys. xxiv. 1784, p. 182; Lacép. 
Serp. i. p. 469 (1789); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 237 (1803); Dum. & 
Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 802 (1854) ; Giinth, Cat. Col. Sn. p. 161 
(1858) ; Jan, Elenco a Ofid. p . 89 (1863). 
Xyphorhynchus, Wagl. Syst. Avighap . 184 (1830). 
Dryiophis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. # p. 241 (1837). 
Maxillary teeth 15 or 16, subequal, followed by a pair of 
enlarged, grooved fangs; anterior palatine and mandibular teeth 
very strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head distinct from neck, suout 
with small shields, ending in a long scaly appendage ; eye moderate, 
with vertical pupil; nasal entire. Body cylindrical; scales keeled, 
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