146. LycogNATHUS. 57 
‘which gradually decrease in size, followed, after an interspace, by 
a pair of enlarged, grooved fangs situated below the posterior border 
of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head 
distinct from neck ; eye rather large, with vertically elliptic pupil. 
Body compressed; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 rows; 
ventrals strongly angulate laterally. Tail long’; subcaudals in two 
rows. 
Tropical South America. 
1. Lycognathus cervinus. 
Seba, Thes. i. pl. c. fig. 4 (1784), and ii. pl. xxxix. figs. 1 & 2,& 
Ixxix. fig. 3 (1735). 
Coronella cervina, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 88 (1768). 
Coluber cervinus, G'mel. S. N. i. p. 1114 (1788). 
zeylonicus, part., Gel. l. c. p. 1106. 
audax, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 346, pl. xxix. (1803). 
maximiliani, Mer. Tent. p. 105 (1820). 
Dipsas audax, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 59 (1826). 
Lycodon audax, Bore, Isis, 1827, p. 525; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. 
p. 121, pl. iv. figs. 18 & 19 (1837). 
Lycognathus scolopax, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 919 (1854). 
—— geminatus, Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 922. 
Oxyrhopus doliatus (non D. § B.), Giinth. Cat. p. 192 (1858). 
Siphlophis scolopax, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 297. 
Oxyrhopus scolopax, Jan, Elenco, p. 92 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 35, 
pl. iv. figs. 1 & 2 (1870). 
Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; 
internasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half 
as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, 
shorter than the parietals; loreal twice as long as deep; one pre- 
ocular, not reaching the frontal; two or three postoculars ; 
temporals 2+3; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, third, fourth, 
and fifth (rarely fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth) entering the 
eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- 
shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. 
Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 205-255; anal entire; subcaudals 
98-118. Yellowish above, variegated or irregularly spotted or 
barred with black; belly yellow, with black spots or irregular 
eross-bars. 
Total length 930 millim.; tail 230. 
Brazil, Bolivia, Guianas, Trinidad. 
a-b. 9 (V. 229, 284; Upper Amazon. Mr. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
C. 98, 103). 
ec. 2(V. 245; C. 113). Larecaja, Bolivia. 
ad. Q(V. 238; C. 118). Yungas, Bolivia. P 
aod 16) state (V. 242; Trinidad. H.MS. ‘ Chanticlger.’ 
C. ‘ 
f. 2 (V. 238; C. 105). ——? College of Surgeons. 
g» 2 (V. 255; C. 114). —? 
A. Skull. . Bahia. 
