3, VIPERA. 483 
sometimes distinct, but small and rather irregular, the former 
separated from the supraoculars by two series of scales; supraocular _ 
well developed ; 8 to 13 scales round the eye, usually 10 to 12 ; two 
(rarely three) series of scales between the eye and the labials ; nasal 
single, separated from the rostral by a naso-rostral ; temporal scales 
smooth or feebly keeled ; 9 to 13 upper labials, usually 9 to 11; 4 
(rarely 5) lower labials in contact with the chin-shields. Scales in 
21 or 23 rows (exceptionally 19 or 25), strongly keeled, outer row 
more or less distinctly keeled, rarely perfectly smooth, Ventrals 
134-158 in ¢, 142-169 in 9 ; anal entire; subcaudals 32-49 in 
3, 30-43 in 2. Coloration very variable: grey, yellowish, brown, 
or red above, with dark markings in the form of paired spots or 
cross-bars, or with a zigzag band as in V. berus ; usually a /\-shaped 
dark marking on the back of the head and a dark streak behind the 
eye; upper lip whitish, yellowish, or pinkish, with or without dark 
vertical bars on the sutures between the labials ; yellowish, whitish, 
grey, or black beneath, with or without darker and lighter markings, 
Some specimens entirely black. 
Total length: ¢, 675 millim.; tail 95. 9,620; 75. 
France, as far north as Southern Brittany and Paris; Pyrenees ; 
Alsace-Lorraine ; Southern Black Forest ; Switzerland; Italy and 
Sicily ; Southern Tyrol. 
a. Many specimens, 5 Nr. Nantes. Messrs. H. & T. Piel 
(V. 143-150; C. 39- de Churchville{P. ]. 
43)& 9 (V. 142-157; 
C, 32-36). 
b-d, e. 3 (V. 145, 144, Argenton, Indre. M. R. Paratre [P.]. 
144; C. 38, 35, 38) & 
2 (V. 150; C. 38). 
. & (V. 150, 151; Argenton, Indre. M. R. Rollinat (P.]. 
C.44, 44) & 9 (V. 157, 
148, 153, 156; C. 38, 
36, 34, 33). 
m-o. d (V.151;C. Wr Cadillac and Talais, M. F. Lataste [P.}. 
‘ (V. 145; C.83), & Gironde. 
g.O(V. 141; C. 38). 
p. oe (V. 187; C. 37). Pau, Pyrenees. H. A. Hammond, 
| Fisq. [P.]. 
q. 6 (V. 152; C. 45). France. 
r-v. 9 (V. 151, 157; Nr. Geneva. G. A. Boulenger, 
C. 34, 35) & yg. 3 Ksq. Pt 
(V. 151, 155, 148, 
157; C.40, 42, 44, 41). 
w-z. fg (V. 152, 153, Lausanne. W. Morton, Esq. 
151; C. 48, 38, 41) & [eb 
© (V. 152; C. 32). 
a. ¢ (V. 158; C. 45). Chateau d’Oex, 3450 ft. Dr. F. Miiller [P.}. 
3 (V.156; C. 43). Binn, Upper Wallis, Dr. F. Miller fP Pel; 
3900 ft. 
y. Yg.d (V. 152; C.48). Alps. Rev. 8. W. King [P.]. 
b¢ nt. fg (V. 148, Viu, Alps of Piedmont. Count Peracca [P.]. 
158, 1555 C. 45, 44, ; 
43) & 2 (Vv. 147, 156; 
C. 32, 38). 
212 
