3. VIPERA. 487 
a-B. Yg. (V. 187; C.30) Xenochori, N. Euboia. Senckenberg Mus, 
& head of adult. LE} 
y- Her. 2 (V. 139; Delos. J. Ince, Esq, [P.]. 
C. 26). 
6. Hgr. 2 (V. 1388; Lebanon. Canon Tristram [C.]. 
C, 24), 
e-¢. Her. ¢ (V. 183; Mediterranean. J. Miller, Esq. [P.]. 
C. 35) & 2 (V. 187; 
C. 26). 
7-0. g (V. 156, 158; 8S. Europe. 
C. 37, 34). 
t, Skull. Morea. 
7. Vipera raddii. 
Vipera aspis, var. ocellata (non Latr.), Berth. in Wagn. Reise n. 
Kolehis, p. 337 (1850). 
xanthina (non Gray), Strauch, Syn. Viper. p. 73, pl. i. (1869), 
and Schi. Russ. R. p. 216 (1873). 
—— raddei, Boetty. Zool. Anz. 1890, p. 62. 
Snout rounded ; vertical diameter of eye measuring hardly half 
its distance from the mouth. Rostral somewhat deeper than broad, | 
not extending to the upper surface of the snout; head covered 
above with small feebly keeled scales ; supraocular well developed, 
erectile, the free edge angular, separated from the eye by small 
scales, the eye being surrounded by a complete circle of 14 to 17 
scales; eye separated from the labials by two series of scales; 
nostril pierced in a single nasal, which is imperfectly separated 
from the naso-rostral; temporal scales keeled; 9 or 10 upper 
labials. Scales in 23 rows, strongly keeled. Ventrals 150-180; 
anal entire; subcaudals 23-32. Pale brown or greyish above, 
with a dorsal series of somewhat lighter reddish roundish spots 
which are dark-edged on the sides; these spots may be in pairs 
and alternating; sides with two series of dark brown spots; a 
dark s\-shaped marking on the back of the head and a dark streak 
behind the eye; yellowish beneath, powdered with black, each 
shield with a transverse series of black and white spots. 
Total length 740 millim.; tail 50. 
Armenia. 
8. Vipera lebetina. 
Coluber lebetinus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 378 (1766); Forsk. Deser. Anim. 
p. 18 (1775). 
Vipera lebetina, Daud, Rept. vi. p. 187 (1803) ; Strauch, Erp. Alg. 
p- 71 (1862); Jan, Elenco, p. 121 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 46, pl. vi. 
fig. 1 (1874); Boetig. Zeitsch. Ges. Naturw. xlix. 1877, p. 288; 
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 421 (1890), and Trans. Zool. Soc. 
xiii, 1891, p. 148; Bedriaga, CR. Congr. Int. Zool. 1892, i. 
. 239. 
a obtusa, Dwigubsky, Essay Nat, Hist. Russ. Emp. p. 80 (1832) ; 
Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 428 (1876), and Zool. 2nd Yark. Miss., 
Rept. p. 24 (1878); Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. iii, 1888, p. 946. 
