492 VIPERIDZ, 
4, BITIS. 
Cobra, Laur. Syn, Rept. p. 103 (1768). . 
Vipera, part., Merr. Tent Syst. Amph. p. 149 (1820) ; Schleg. Phys. 
hove ii, - 573 (1887); Dum. §& Bibr. Erp, Gén. vii. p. 1 
(1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 120 (1863) ; Strauch, Syn. Viper. 
. 21 (1869). 
Ediidne (non Forst.), part., Merr. lc. p.150; Dum. § Bibr. l. e. 
p. 1420 (1854), 
Echidna, Wagl. oe, Amph. p. 177 (1830). 
Cerastes, part., Wag. 1. c. i 78; Gray, Zool, Miscell. p.70 (1842) ; 
Dum. §& Bibr. t. ec. p. 1488. 
Clotho (non Fauj.), Gray, 1. c. p. 69, and Cat. Sn. p. 24 (1849). 
Bitis, Gray, ll. ce. pp. 69, 25; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1866, p. 891, 
and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 145 (1882). 
Calechidna, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 60 (1845). 
Head very distinct from neck, covered with small imbricate 
scales ; eye moderate or rather small, with vertical pupil, separated 
Fig, 35. 
Skull of Bitis arietans, 
from the labials by small scales; nostrils directed upwards or 
upwards and outwards, pierced in a single or divided nasal, with a 
