222 A CENTURY OF SCIENCE 



fossil Mammalia was done by Kaup, who described those 

 from the Mainz basin and from Epplesheim near Worms 

 whence came one of the most famous of prehistoric 

 horses, the Hipparion; this horse, together with the 

 remarkable proboscidean Dinotherium, was described by 

 Von Meyer. One of the most remarkable discoveries, 

 ranking in importance, perhaps, next to Montmartre, was 

 that of the Pliocene fauna of Pikermi near Athens, 

 Greece, first made known through the publications of A. 

 Wagner of Munich and later, and much more extensively, 

 through that of Gaudry (1862-1867). H. von Meyer was 

 Germany's best authority on fossil Mammalia. After 

 his death the work was carried on by Quenstedt, Oscar 

 Fraas, Schlosser, Koken, and Pohlig, among others. 



In France, rich deposits of fossil mammals were dis- 

 covered in the Department of Puy-de-D6me, the Rhone 

 basin, Sansan, Quercy, and near Rheims. These were 

 described by a number of writers, notably Croizet and 

 Jobert, Pomel, Lartet, Filhol, and Lemoine. 



Riitimeyer of Bale was one of the most famous Euro- 

 pean writers on mammalian paleontology, and his 

 researches were both comprehensive and clothed in such 

 form as to give them a high place in paleontological lit- 

 erature. He studied comparatively the teeth of ungu- 

 lates, discussed the genealogy of mammals, and the 

 relationships of those of the Old and New Worlds. He 

 was an exponent of the law of evolution as set forth by 

 Darwin, and his "genealogical trees of the Mammalia 

 show a complete knowledge of all the data concerning the 

 different members in the succession, and are amongst the 

 finest results hitherto obtained by means of strict scien- 

 tific methods of investigation" (Zittel, History of Geol- 

 ogy and Palaeontology, 1901). The mammals of the 

 Swiss Eocene have been studied in much detail by 

 Stehlin. 



For Great Britain, the most notable contributors were 

 Buckland in his Reliquiae Diluvianae ; Falconer, co-author 

 with Cautley on the Tertiary mammals of India ; Charles 

 Murchison, who wrote on rhinoceroses and probosci- 

 deans ; and more recently Bush, Flower, Lydekker, Boyd 

 Dawkins, L. Adams, and C. W. Andrews. But by far the 

 most commanding figure of all was Sir Richard Owen, 



