RISE OF PETROLOGY AS A SCIENCE 255 



result of this labor appeared in 1876 in a fine volume 11 

 which attracted great attention. In the same year 

 appeared also petrographical papers by J. H. Caswell, 12 



E. S. Dana 13 and G. W. Hawes. 14 The latter devoted 

 himself almost entirely to this field of research and may 

 thus, perhaps, be termed the earliest of the petrog- 

 raphers in this country. His work, "The Mineralogy 

 and Lithology of New Hampshire," issued in 1878 as one 

 of the reports of the State Survey under Prof. C. H. 

 Hitchcock, was the first considerable memoir by an 

 American. This was followed by various papers, one on 

 the "Albany Granite and its contact phenomena," 15 

 being of especial interest as one of the earliest studies of 

 a contact zone, and in the fullness of methods employed 

 in attacking the problem forecasting the change to 

 the petrology era. 



During the ten years following, or from 1880 to 1890, 

 the new science of petrography flourished and grew 

 exceedingly. Many young geologists abroad devoted 

 themselves to this field of research and the store of 

 accumulated knowledge concerning rocks from all parts 

 of the world, and their relations grew apace. The work 

 of Teall has been noticed and among others might be 

 mentioned the name of Brogger, whose first contribu- 

 tion 16 in this field gave evidence that his publications 

 would become classics in the science. 



In America there appeared in this period a number of 

 eager workers, trained in part in the laboratories of 

 Rosenbusch and Zirkel, whose researches were destined 

 to place the science on the secure footing in this country 

 which it occupies to-day. Among the earlier of these may 

 be mentioned Whitman Cross, R. D. Irving, J. P. Iddings, 

 G. H. Williams, J. F. Kemp, J. S. Diller, B. K. Emerson, 

 M. E. Wadsworth, G. P. Merrill, N. H. Winchell, and 



F. D. Adams in Canada. Others were added yearly to 

 this group. As a result of their work a constantly grow- 

 ing volume of information about the rocks of America 

 became available, and one has only to examine the files 

 of the Journal and other periodicals and the listed pub- 

 lications of the National and State Surveys to appreciate 

 this. 



In the Journal, for example, we may refer to papers 17 



