GROWTH OF MINERALOGY 273 



been published. These divisions curiously enough will 

 be found to correspond closely to four quite definite 

 phases through which mineralogical investigation in 

 America has passed. The first series covered the years 

 from 1817 to 1845. In looking through these volumes 

 one finds a large number of mineralogical articles, the 

 work of many contributors. The great majority of these 

 papers are purely descriptive in character, frequently 

 giving only general accounts of the mineral occurrences 

 of particular regions. However, a number of articles 

 dealing with more detailed physical and chemical descrip- 

 tions of rare or new species also belong in this period. 

 Among the mineralogists engaged at this time in the 

 description of individual species, none was more inde- 

 fatigable than Charles U. Shepard. He was graduated 

 from Amherst College in 1824, at the age of twenty. In 

 1827 he became assistant to Professor Silliman in New 

 Haven, continuing in this position for four years. Later 

 he was a lecturer in natural history at Yale, and was at 

 various times connected with Amherst College and the 

 South Carolina Medical College at Charleston. His 

 articles on mineralogy were very numerous. He assigned 

 a large number of new names to minerals, although with 

 the exception of some half dozen cases, these have later 

 been shown to be varieties of minerals already known and 

 described, rather than new species. In spite, however, of 

 his frequent hasty and inaccurate decision as to the char- 

 acter of a mineral, his influence on the progress of 

 mineralogy was marked. His great enthusiasm and 

 ceaseless industry throughout a long life could not help 

 but make a definite contribution to the science. His 

 :< Treatise on Mineralogy" will be spoken of in a later 

 paragraph. He died in May, 1886, having published his 

 last paper in the Journal in the previous September. 



The first book on mineralogy published in America was 

 that by Parker Cleaveland, professor of mathematics, nat- 

 ural philosophy, chemistry and mineralogy in Bowdoin 

 College. The first edition was printed in 1816 and an 

 exhaustive notice is given in the first volume of the Jour- 

 nal (1, 35, 308, 1818) ; a second edition followed in 1822. 

 In his preface Cleaveland gives an interesting discussion 

 concerning the two opposing European methods of classi- 



