GEOGNOSY OF THE KIMMALEHS. 235 



gold collected afforded a small duty ; but the amount was 

 too trifling to render its continuance expedient. It is col- 

 lected from loaras, sands, and clays, by washing in the usual 



manner. 



Copper Mines.— There are seven places where ores of 

 copper are raised ; these are,— 



Rupees per annum as rsnt 



1. Dhanpnr ? 1200 



2. Dhobri S 



3. GangoU } 1000 



4. Sira i 



5. Pokri '''^X 



6. Khari ^'^ 



7. Shor Gurang 



50 



These mines, if they deser\'e the name, are worked in 

 the most miserable manner, under every disadvantage, and 

 therefore afford but paltry returns. No mine can thrive in 

 our Indian possessions until well-instructed. mine-masters 

 and experienced miners are sent out from Europe. 



The ore found in the Dhanpur mine is gray copper ore, 

 which affords from 30 to 50 per cent, of copper; it is as- 

 sociated with malachite, or green carbonate of copper. The 

 ores are contained in a compact red-coloured dolomite ; 

 hence mining operations can be carried on without the ex- 

 pense of wooden framework or masonry. The Pokri mine 

 or mines are situated in talc slate of a loose texture ; and 

 hence the working is more difficult. The ores are vUrcmis 

 and purple copper, both of them rich in copper. The wa- 

 ters flowing from the mine are impregnated wich sulphate 

 of copper or blue vitriol. The Sira and Gangoli mines are 

 situated in beds of indurated talc, which are enclosed ia 

 dolomite. Sometimes the one sometimes the other rock 

 form the walls and roof of the mine. The iron is yellow 

 copper or copper ■pyrites, mixed with iron pyrites and smaller 

 portions of gray copper ore. The Khari and Shor Gurang 

 mines are similarly situated ; the ores are gray copper, yellow 

 copper, or copper pyrites, and carbonate of copper. The 

 method of working' these mines is as follows :— A gallery 

 or passage is cut into the face of the hill, with such a bot- 

 tom declivity as to allow the water to run off. Where the 

 rock may require it, frames of timber, rudely constructed, 

 are set up to support the roof and sides. The area of the 



