STJB>rERGENCE OF LAND. 253 



there are no copper mines of importance in any part of our 

 Eastern empire ; although, from the reports of travellers 

 and naturalists, rich ores of copper are met with. The 

 ores are carbonate of copper, or malachite, anhydrous carbo- 

 nate of copper, which contains half its weight of metallic 

 copper, copper pyrites, or yellow sulphuret of copper, and 

 gray copper ore. Lead mines occur in Rajasf han. 



'■ 4. SUBMERGENCE AND UPRAISING OF LAND. 



The account of Lieut. A. Burnes, who examined the 

 Cutch portion of the delta of the Indus in 1826 and 1829, 

 as Stated by Mr. Lyell, furnishes the following very inter- 

 esting details regarding the submergence and upraising of 

 land during the earthquake of 1819 : — A tract around Sin- 

 dree, which subsided during the earthquake in June, 1819, 

 was converted from dry land into sea in the course of a few 

 hours ; the new-formed mere extending for a distance of six- 

 teen miles on either side of the fort, and probably exceeding 

 in area the lake of Geneva. Neither the rush of the sea into 

 this new depression, nor the movement of the earthquake, 

 threw down the small fort of Sindree, the interior of which 

 is said to have become a tank, the water filling the space 

 within the walls, and the four towers continuing to stand ; so 

 that on the day after the earthquake the people in the fort,, 

 who had ascended to the top of one of the towers, saved 

 themselves in boats. Immediately after the shock, the in- 

 habitants of Sindree saw, at the distance of five miles from 

 the village, a long elevated mound, where previously there 

 had been a low and perfectly level plain. To this uplifted. 

 tract they gave the name of " L'llah Bund," or the " Mound 

 of God," to distinguish it from an artificial barrier previously 

 thrown across an arm of the Indus. It is already ascer- 

 tained that this newly-raised country is upwards of fifty 

 miles in length from east to west, running parallel to that 

 line of subsidence which caused the ground around Sindree 

 to be flooded. The breadth of this elevation from north to 

 south is conjectured to be in some parts sixteen miles, and 

 its greatest ascertained height above the original level of the 

 delta is ten feet. This upraised land consists of clay filled 

 with shells. Besides " Ullah Bund," there appears to be 

 another elevation south of Sindree, parallel to that befor& 

 ^ Vol. III._Y 



