CONQUKST OF AFRICA AND SPAIN. 405 



attended the camps of the governors; crowds of 

 adventurers from the East poured in, v/ho preferred 

 a distant fortune to indigence at home ; and the 

 different cities where they were estabUshed assumed 

 the name of the particular tribe or country of the 

 new colonies. Settlers from Damascus occupied 

 Granada and Cordova; Seville, Jaen, Xeres, and 

 Malaga were planted by emigrants from Emesa, 

 Kinnisrin, Palestine, and the banks of the Jordan. 

 The natives of Yemen and Persia were scattered 

 ' around Toledo and the inland country ; Murcia and 

 Lisbon the mingled hosts of Tarik and Musa shared 

 with their bretln-en from Egj^pt; while the fertile 

 valleys of the south were bestowed on 10,000 horse- 

 men of Syria and Irak, descendants of the purest 

 and noblest of the Arabian tribes. Ten years after 

 the conquest, a map of the kingdom was presented 

 to the caliph, with a description of the seas, rivers, 

 and harbours, the inhabitants and cities, the climate, 

 the soil, and the mineral productions. 



The victorious Moslems had already crossed the 

 Pyrenees, and annexed to their acquisitions the 

 ■whole provine of Languedoc, which belonged to the 

 Gothic monarchy of Spain. The project of extend- 

 ing their arms northward was resumed, to which 

 nothing could be more favourable than the corrupt 

 and tottering state of the Prankish government. 

 The first invasion of the Saracens was bravely 

 repulsed by Eudes, duke of Aquitaine, who had 

 assembled under his standard a numerous army of 

 Goths, Grecians, and Franks. Zama, the lieutenant 

 of the caliph, lost his army and his life under the 

 w^alls of Toulouse. This disaster stimulated the 

 ambition and the vengeance of his sovereign ; and 

 the famous Abdalrahman (or Abderame, as he is 

 called by the French historians), whom the Caliph 

 Hesham had restored to the wishes of the soldiers 

 and the Spanish colonists, undertook another expe- 

 dition (A. D. 731), with the daring resolution of 



