WILD ANIMALS. 391 



pot containing the boiling water. All classes use it without 

 milk or sugar ; people ol" rank drink it out of porcelain cups ; 

 the lower sort are content with coarser ware. In Hejaz it is 

 served up to travellers in small earthern pots like bottles, con- 

 taining from ten to fifteen cups. This vessel has a long nar- 

 row neck, with a bunch of dry herbs stuck into its mouth, 

 through which the liquor is poured. At Mocha, Mrs. Lush- 

 ington observed that every lady, when she pays a visit, car- 

 ries on her arm a little bag of coffee, which is boiled at the 

 house where she spends the evening ; and in this way she 

 can enjoy society without putting her Iriends to expense. The 

 Bedouin cooks this meal in the same rude manner that he 

 does his cakes and his mutton. He roasts a few beans on an 

 iron shovel, hammers them to atoms in a wooden mortar with 

 his bludgeon, and boils his pot between two stones, over a 

 fire lighted with tinder, and composed of dry shrubs or camel's 

 dung. 



SECTION IV. ZOOLOGY. 



Wild Animals. — The zoology of Arabia differs but little 

 from that of other Eastern countries. Most of the animals 

 found there being described in works which are familiar to 

 the reader, it will not be necessary here to enter into any 

 lengthened details on their natural history. Lions, leopards, 

 panthers, lynxes, wolves, foxes, boars, antelopes, and various 

 domestic animals in a wild state, are to be met with in 

 almost every district in the peninsula. The small panther 

 (called fath) is more common than the large one (the nemer 

 of the Arabs) ; but it is not regarded with the same terrjor, as 

 it only carries away cats and dogs, never venturing to attack 

 man. It is the Felis jubala or hunting-tiger of naturalists. 

 The jackall {el vavi) abounds in the mountains ; but its habits 

 and appearance are too well known to require particular 

 notice. The hyena inhabits the solitary caverns of the Pe- 

 traean range, and is also common round the shores of the Per- 

 sian Gulf. It assails men and beasts with the same ferocity : 

 stealing out at night, it seizes on the natives wlio sleep in 

 the open air, and frequently carries off children from beside 

 their parents. In the forests of Yemen, and on the hills 

 around Aden, are swarms of monkeys without tails, and whose 

 hind-quarters are of a bright red. They are extremely docile, 

 Ami iearu readily any tricks that are attempted to be taughj 



