EARLY TUDOR GARDEXS. 81 



creepers and wood-work, or something more substantial, and 

 affording better shelter. Sometimes the gallery followed the 

 wall round three sides, but it seems to have been the more usual 

 custom to have it on one side only, and it frequently afforded a 

 sheltered walk from the house to the arbour or mount. 



Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, during the first years of 

 the sixteenth century, began to lay out very extensive gardens at 

 Thornbury, in Gloucestershire, but he was accused of treason, 

 and hurried to the scaffold, before carrying out his plan. 

 Among the State papers of the time, May, 1521, there is 

 a. survey of his lands, and the following extracts appear in it, 

 under the heading of " gardens," and are illustrative of the 

 fashion of galleries. " On the south side of the inner ward [of 

 the castle] is a proper garden, and about the same a goodly 

 gallery conveying above and beneath from the principal lodgings, 

 both to the chapel and parish church. The utter {outer) part of 

 the said gahery being of stone embattled, and the inner part of 

 timber covered with slate. On the east side of the said castle or 

 manor, is a goodly garden to walk in, closed with high walls, 

 embattled. The conveyance thither is by the gallery above and 

 beneath, and by other privy ways. Besides the same privy 

 garden is a large and a goodly orchard, full of young graffes well 

 loaden with fruit, many roses and other pleasures. And in the 

 same orchard, are many goodly alleys to walk in openly. And 

 round about the same orcharde is conveyed on a good height 

 other goodly alleys with roosting places, covered thoroughly with 

 white thorne and hasel. And without the same, on the utter 

 part, the said orchard is enclosed with sawin pale {sawn palings) 

 and without that ditches and quickset hedges." ..." From out 

 of the said orchard, are divers posterns in sundry places at 

 pleasure to go and enter into a goodly park newly-made." The 

 house and gardens were left to fall into ruins, after Queen 

 Elizabeth's time, and not a trace of the old garden remains.* 



Another example of an arbour or " roosting-place," was one 

 made for Ehzabeth of York. " 10 July 1502 Item payed to Henry 



* The outer castle wall alone remained, and it was rebuilt, and the present 

 gardens laid out about fifty years ago, by the fathur of the present owner, 

 Mr. Stafford Howard. 



