88 A HISTORY OF GARDEXIXG IX EXGLAXD. 



house, and it was not until a succeeding generation, when the 

 taste for gardening was still more universal, that many others of 

 the new proprietors followed this example. 



We have already had occasion to refer to Hampton Court, in 

 describing the characteristics of Tudor gardens. There are such 

 full accounts left of the expenses incurred in making these 

 gardens, both under the direction of Cardinal Wolsey and of 

 Henry VHI., that, although we do not know the exact plan, a 

 very fair idea of what they were like may be gathered. The land 

 which Wolsey covered with the building, gardens and park, 

 consisted of two thousand acres. In the south-west corner of this 

 ground stood the old manor house, and round this the Cardinal 

 laid out gardens and orchards, separated by brick walls, and 

 beyond the walls, a park. He retained part of the manor house 

 garden, for it is noted several times as "the old garden." John 

 Chapman was head-gardener at this time, and remained in that 

 position, with a salary of £12 a year, when the King took 

 possession of the disgraced Cardinal's lands in 1529. The 

 gardens were soon after greatly enlarged. A new orchard was 

 made to the north of the old gardens, and pears, damsons^ 

 medlars, cherries, apples, cucumbers and melons were grown, 

 and forty-three bushels of strawberries were planted at one 

 time. There was a flower-garden which supplied the Queen 

 with roses, and a kitchen garden, where " herbes for the king's 

 table" were grown. A part of these gardens was destroyed when 

 the new ones were made in 1533. The ground was then manured 

 and carefully measured out into several plots, each surrounded by 

 a brick wall. The largest plot was the King's new garden, the 

 site of which is now called the " Privy Garden." In this there 

 were gravel paths, and little raised mounds with sundials on them, 

 and between the paths, railed beds cut in the grass. The rails 

 were trained with roses, and yew, cypress or juniper trees planted 

 in the centre of each bed ; while along the walls were apple, pear 

 and damson trees, and under them " violets, prymroses, sweet 

 Williams, gillifer slips, mynt and other sweete flowers," and this 

 garden contained the mount and arbour. Another plot was the 

 " Pond Garden," which merely seems to have contained the 

 ponds, and was only decorated with the " beestes," as there is 



