96 A HISTORY OF GARDEXIXG IN ENGLAXD. 



Tusser goes on in December's husbandrie to describe how 

 the trees should be planted in the orchard : — 



" Good fruit and good picntic doth well in the loft 

 then make thee an orchard and cherish it oft : 



For plant or for stock laie aforehand to cast 

 but set or remoove it er Christmas be past 



Set one fro other full fortie foote wide 



to stand as he stood is a part of his pride." 



We do not find many other changes in the orchards. 

 Wardens still held a prominent place among pears, and costards 

 among apples. The peach had not improved. Turner speaks of 

 trees abroad, and goes on to say, "The peche is no great tre in 

 England that I could se — the apples are soft and flesshy when 

 they are rype something hory without." Among the Privy 

 Purse expenses of Henry VIII., Mr. Long's gardener is specially 

 mentioned as giving a present of peaches to the King, who at 

 various other times received gifts of cherries, apples, pears, 

 wardens, quinces, medlars, damsons, filberts, and melons. 



It was only the large landowners who indulged in a garden 

 specially set apart for flowers and pleasure. The garden of every 

 small manor and farm-house in the kingdom was essentially for 

 use. Fitzherbert, in his Book of Hushandry, 1534, enumerates the 

 general duties of a wife, among which he does not forget the 

 garden: "And in the beginning of March or a lyttel afore, is 

 tyme for a wife to make her garden, and to gette as many 

 good sedes and herbes as be good for the potte and to eate, and 

 as ofte as nede shall requyre, it must be weded, for els wedes wyl 

 ouergrowe the herbes." These herbs were much the same as in 

 the previous century, but a few are mentioned in writings of this 

 date, which have not appeared on earlier lists, such as asparagus, 

 melons, taragon, horse-radish, and artichokes, which are first 

 introduced about this date, and grown in the royal gardens. 

 Tusser devotes several lines in his poem to beans and peas. 

 In January — 



" Good gardiner mine 

 Make garden fine 

 Set garden pease 

 and beans, if ye please." 



