<)8 A HISTORY OF GARDE\ING IN ENGLAND. 



London in Edward the Second's reign,* and with the great 

 advances in gardening since that time, it is most probable 

 that the market had also increased, and the market gardeners 

 multiplied. Then, as now, the great place for market gardens 

 was the immediate vicinity of London, but some were planted 

 even in the heart of the town, as the following quotation shows : — 

 " About the latter part of the reign of Henry VIIL, the 

 poor people of Portsoken Ward, East Smithfield, were hedged 

 out, and in place of their homeW cottages, such houses builded 

 as do rather want room than rent, and the residue was made 

 into a garden by a gardener named Cawsway one that serveth 

 the market with herbs and roots." t 



The largest supply of fruit trees came from the orchard at 

 Tenham, in Kent. The history of its establishment is related 

 in a curious and rare pamphlet, entitled, Tlic Hushandinan's 

 Fniitftil Orchard, 1609. The author is unknown, but the epistle 

 to the reader is signed " thy well-wilier N.F." X " One Richard 

 Harris of London, borne in Ireland Fruiterer to King Henry the 

 eight fetched out of Fraunce great store of graftes especially 

 pippins, before which time there were no pippins in England. 

 He fetched also out of the Lowe Countries, cherrie grafts and 

 Peare graftes of diners sorts : Then tooke a peese of ground 

 belonging to the king in the Parrish of Tenham in Kent being 

 about the quantitie of seaven score acres : whereof he made an 

 orchard, planting therein all those foraigne grafts. Which 

 orchard is and hath been from time to time, the chiefe mother 

 of all other orchards for those kinds of fruit in Kent and diners 

 other places. And afore that these said grafts were fetched out 

 of Fraunce and the Lowe Countries although that there was some 

 store of fruite in England, yet there wanted both rare fruite 

 and lasting fine fruite. The Dutch and French finding it to be 

 so scarce especially in these counties neere London, commonly 

 plyed Billingsgate and diners other places, with such kinde of 

 fruit, but now (thankes bee to God) diners gentlemen and others 



* See page 40. 



t Stowe, Survey of London. Ed. 1598, p. 139. 



X Imprinted for Roger Jackson, London. 



