EARLY TUDOR GARDEXS. lOS 



housbande sytteth by the fyre, and hath nothxnge to do than 

 may he make theym redye, and tothe"^ the rakes with dry 

 wethywode, and bore the holes with his wymble,t bothe aboue 

 and vnder, and drive the tethe vpwarde faste and harde, and 

 than wedge them aboue with drye woode of oke . , . They be 

 most comonly made of hasell and withee." Fitzherbert also 

 gives a list of the tools used for grafting : " a graffynge-sawe . . 

 very thynne, and thycke-tothed," "a graffing-knyfe, an inch 

 brode with a thycke backe, to cleue the stock with all," " a 

 mallet to dryue the knyfe and thy wedge in-to the tree," " a 

 sharpe knyfe to pare the stockes heed, and an other sharpe 

 knyfe to cutte the graffe cleane." " Two wedges of harde wood 

 or elles of yren." 



While the husbandman was working in his garden, or 

 making his tools, the housewife busied herself with the 

 preparation of conserves of fruit, and distilling and making 

 decoctions from almost every herb that grew. This business 

 was of such importance that a room was in most houses set 

 apart for the purpose. We have a survival of this custom in 

 the "still room" of modern days. One of Tusser's "five 

 hundred pointes " is " good huswifelie Physicke," in which 

 these stanzas occur : — 



" Good aqua composita, vinegar tart 

 Rose water and treakle to comfort the hart. 

 Cold herbs in hir garden for agues that burne 

 that ouer strong heat to good temper may turne. 



Get water of Fumentorie, Liuer to coole 



and others the like, or els lie like a foole 

 Conserue of the Barberie, Quinces and such 



with sirops that easeth the sickley so much." 



In -1527, a certain printer, "Laurens Andrewe," translated and 

 issued a work entitled. The vertuose Boke of Distyllacyon of the 

 Waters of all manner of Hcrbes, translated from the German of 

 "Jerome of Brynswicke " (Brunswick). It is illustrated 

 throughout with quaint woodcuts, and extraordinary recipes, 

 which, if followed by the housewife, must have added horrors 



* =foofh. f = nil auger. 



