IM) A HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ENGLAND. 



miscarry by their hast and eariiness." ^ The " Rams ciche " or 

 " ciche pease " (Cicer arietiniun) was occasionally grown. Turner 

 says he had seldom seen it in England, and Gerard sa3's it "is 

 soun in our London gardens, but not common.'^ This "' Chick 

 Pea" never became popular. Miller, writing a hundred years 

 later, says it was much grown in France and Spain, but rarely 

 sown in England. 



Any practical gardener, if asked the use of an orchard, would, 

 doubtless, reply that the use is to ensure a sufficient supply of 

 fruit ; but Lawson tells us that no one can deny, " that the 

 principal end of an orchard is the honest delight of one wearied 

 with the workes of his lawful calhng"; and, again, he speaks 

 from experience, being himself an old man, and says that the 

 orchard " takes away the tediousnesse and heavie load of three 

 or four score years." What a truly magical power must an 

 Ehzabethan orchard have possessed ! Such an introduction 

 makes one keen to leave the kitchen-garden, and traverse again 

 the flower-garden, on the north-east side of which we should 

 probably find the orchard. It was thoughtfully put there when it 

 was possible, that the fruit trees might help to shelter the more 

 tender plants of the flower garden, and some tall forest trees, 

 "Walnuts, Elms, Oaks or Ashes," were planted at a good distance 

 beyond, to shelter but not overshadow the orchard. " The 

 extent of an orchard was much larger than that of a garden, and 

 it would require more cost, which everyone cannot undergo," to 

 build a brick wall round it. Instead of this, mud walls, wooden 

 palings, or a quickset hedge were substituted. But Parkinson 

 recommends a wall of brick or stone, in spite of the expense, 

 " as the gaining of ground and profit of the fruit trees planted 

 there against, will in short time recompense that charge." " On 

 the south wall your tenderest and earliest fruits, as Apricocks, 

 Peaches, Nectarins, and May or early cherries, should be set on 

 the east and north, and on the west, plums and quinces, spread 

 upon and fastened to the walls by the help of tacks and other 

 means to have the benefit of the immediate reflexe of the 



* Parkinson. 



