KITCHEN GARDENING UNDER ELIZABETH AND JAMES I. 143 



time. Lawson gives directions for gatherin<^ and storing them. 

 " You should have a long ladder of light firre, also a gathering 

 apron like a pocke before you made of purpose, or a wallet 

 hung on a bough, or a basket with a sive bottom .... an 

 hooke to pull boughes to you." For storing, apples and pears 

 should be laid " in a drie loft ... in a heape ten or fourteen 

 days, that they may sweate," they must then be wiped and 

 dried "with a clean and softe cloth," and afterwards laid 

 between layers of straw. Sir Hugh Piatt gives a recipe for 

 " apples kept without wrinkles." " Gather not your Pippins till 

 the full moon, after Michaelmas ; so may you keepe them a whole 

 yeare without shrinking ; and so of grapes and all other fruits." 



" Our orchards," writes Holinshed, " were never furnished 

 wath such good fruit, nor with such varietie as at the 

 present." The varieties of almost every kind of fruit had 

 been increased by cultivation. The number of apples was 

 " infinite," and as Gerard and Parkinson found it quite 

 impossible to give the names of all the kinds grown in their 

 time, it would be useless to attempt such a catalogue now. 

 Gerard gives woodcuts of the " Pomewater tree," " The 

 Baker's ditch apple tree," " the King of Apples," " The Quining, 

 or Queene of Apples," and " the Sommer " and " Winter 

 Pearmain." Parkinson says of the Queen Apple, two sorts, 

 both "great, fair, red, and well relished," and Ben Jonson thus 

 refers to the same apple : — 



"Only your nose inclines 

 That side that's next the sun to the queene apple." 



" The golding pippin," Parkinson writes, " is the greatest and 

 best of all sorts of pippins." He gives also, the Summer, 

 French, Russet, spotted and yellow pippins, and adds, " I know 

 no sort of pippins but are excellent, good, well-relished fruits." 

 He is not so lavish in his praise of some of the other sorts 

 of apples, as. "The Paradise Apple," "not to be commended," 

 or "Twenty sorts of sweetings and none good." He names 

 several from France, and brackets together " Pome de 

 Rambures, de Capandas and de Calual, as all fair and good 

 apples brought from France." The following are a few names 



