2;)i A HISTORY OF GARDEXIXG IX EXGLAXD. 



Take red herrinf^s and cutting them in pieces burn the 

 pieces on the molehills, or you may put garlicke or leeks 

 in the mouths of their Hill, and the moles will leave the 

 ground. I have not tryed these ways, and therefore refer 

 the reader to his own tryal, behef or doubt." 



For the destruction of other garden pests many equally 

 fanciful remedies were in vogue. Lawson recommends to pick 

 off all caterpillars with the hand, "and tread them under foot." 

 "I like nothing of smoake among my trees," he says; "unnaturall 

 heates are nothing good for naturall trees." He enumerates the 

 things necessary for keeping the garden free from " beasts," 

 "besides your out strong fence, you must have a fayre and swift 

 greyhound, a stone-bowe, gunne, and if neede require, an apple 

 with an hooke for a Deere, and a Hare-pipe for a hare," and 

 against blackbirds, bullfinches, and other small birds, " the 

 best remedy here is a stone-bow, a peece." No survey of the 

 garden would be complete, without mention of the bees, whose 

 hives were to be found in them all, and the management of 

 which was considered a necessary part of a gardener's duties, 

 and wTiters on gardening subjects generally devoted a chapter 

 to bees.'^ 



One memorable event in the time of Charles I. was the 

 formation of the first Botanical Garden in England, at 

 Oxford, in 1632. This was just a hundred years after the 

 establishment of the earliest in Europe, that at Padua. 

 Henry, Earl of Danby, founded and endowed it ; he gave 

 five acres of land, also built greenhouses, and a house for 

 the gardener. The fine gateways, bearing a date and inscription 

 in praise of the Founder, were designed by Inigo Jones. 

 Jacob Bobart, a German, from Brunswick, first had charge 

 of it, and he was succf^eded by his son, also Jacob. 



The marshes for bog plants, to be seen at Kew and 

 elsewhere at the present day, which are the admiration 

 of lovers of a " wild garden," are no new thing. Bobart 

 had one at Oxford, which is thus described by Robert 

 Sharrock.t " The Artificial Bog is made by digging a hole 



* Thomas Hill, The riglit ordering of Bees. 



t All Improvement to the Art of Gardening. 3rd Edition, 1694. 



