XIXETEEXrn CEXTURY. 297 



design, and the beds are filled with these gaudy but perish- 

 able flowers. Among the number he illustrates may be men- 

 tioned Woburn, Worsley, Eaton, Trentham, Castle Howard, 

 and Teddesle}', designed by Nesfield, all laid out between 

 1845 and 1858. Sir Joseph Paxton, the well-known Editor 

 of the Magazine of Botany, and gardener to the Duke of 

 Devonshire at Chatsworth, was also the designer of the Crystal 

 Palace Gardens, in a pseudo-Italian style, for which he was 

 Knighted. The taste must not be judged from this crude and 

 uninteresting example, as many charming gardens of a stiff 

 Italian design exist. Besides those already quoted, Harwood 

 is a fine example. It was planned by Lady Harwood, and 

 the designs for the fountains and stone balustrades were made 

 by Sir Charles Barry. Shrublands"^ was begun to be laid out 

 by Sir \\'illiam Middleton about 1830. There is in front of 

 the house at Shrublands a wide terrace with flower-beds like 

 that at Harewood, but without fountains, from it a long flight 

 of steps leads to a semi-circular terrace garden below {see 

 illustration). This, like all gardens in this style, was formerly 

 " bedded-out " each summer. It is easy to see what an 

 immense expense this involves, and how difficult it was to 

 keep up a garden under those conditions. For unless the 

 beds are to be empty except for four months in the year, 

 there must be spring bedding of hyacinths, crocuses, tulips, 

 &c., as well as geraniums, and such like, for the summer. 



There are now in cultivation such an immense varietv of 

 hardy perennial plants, which, with a little care, will thrive 

 well in this country, that if a judicious selection is made from 

 these, the beds can be made as bright in summer as with the 

 more delicate plants which perish with the first touch of 

 frost ; and the beauty of the garden can be considerably 

 prolonged. By planting such things as violas or "tufted 

 pansies," a mass of colour from early spring until late autumn 

 can be obtained. The garden at Shrublands has been thus 

 arranged, according to the suggestions of Mr. W. Robinson, 

 with great success. The beds are filled with roses, pinks, 

 and carnations, and many hardy plants, the masses of colour 

 * In Suffolk, belonging to Lord de Saumare^. 



