MARINE ALGsE OF BEAUFORT, N. C. 375 



The author takes pleasure in acknowledging his indebtedness to those who have 

 helped him in the present study. To Frank S. Collins, North Eastham, Mass., and to 

 Dr. Marshall A. Howe, the New York Botanical Garden, he is especially indebted for 

 assistance in the determination of species given throughout the progress of this work 

 and for much helpful advice and information about the distribution of species and about 

 doubtful points. He is indebted to Dr. N. L. Britton for facilities for studying the algae 

 in the New York Botanical Garden and for the use of Plates CXV-CXIX, and to other 

 members of the staff of this institution for assistance during his work in the library there. 

 To Prof. W. G. Farlow, Harvard University, he is indebted for assistance in the determi- 

 nation of species and for the privilege of studying the algae in his herbarium; to Prof. 

 D. S. Johnson, the Johns Hopkins University, for facilities of laboratory and library 

 furnished for the study of the Beaufort algae; to Mrs. Margaret H. Y. Hoyt, for assistance 

 with the drawings used in this work and with the preparation of the manuscript. To 

 all of these and to others who have helped him in various ways the author wishes to 

 express his grateful appreciation of their assistance. 



PART I. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE REGION. 

 LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BEAUFORT HARBOR. 



The town of Beaufort lies at latitude 34 43' N., longitude 76 40' W., about 19 km. 

 (12 miles) northwest from Cape Lookout and 120 km. (75 miles) southwest of Cape 

 Hatteras. (See map 2.) South and west of the town stretches the harbor, a large body 

 of water communicating with the ocean by a wide inlet between Shackleford Banks and 

 Bogue Banks. From the harbor near this inlet extend Bogue Sound to the west and 

 Back Sound to the east, separating the mainland from Bogue Banks and Shackleford 

 Banks, respectively. Extending northwest from Beaufort Harbor lies the body of water 

 known as Newport River, with several creeks, receiving frequent inflows of fresh water. 

 A somewhat similar body of water extends northward from Back Sound. The bottom 

 throughout this region is composed of sand, mud, or shells, and offers no conditions 

 favorable for the growth of algae. 



The beaches of Bogue and Shackleford Banks are flat, sandy stretches. Shackle- 

 ford Beach and the greater part of Bogue Beach are destitute of algae. Algae are, how- 

 ever, frequently found on Bogue Beach for a distance of about 1.6 km. (i mile) west from 

 the inlet. Here, after storms, are found great masses of algae washed on the beach or 

 lying in the water along the shore. Many of the plants found here, in all likelihood, have 

 been carried out from the harbor by the receding tide ; others have almost certainly been 

 washed in from the coral reefs lying offshore, since several species found elsewhere only 

 on the beach were dredged from these coral reefs; while a few species, represented only 

 by specimens from Bogue Beach, may have come from points farther south, some of 

 these being unknown elsewhere north of Florida or the West Indies, and possibly being 

 brought here by the Gulf Stream from that region or from some of the intermediate 

 submerged coral reefs. 



a While species found only on the beach can not strictly be included in the flora of Beaufort, they are treated as a part of the 

 algae of this region. This has seemed proper, since it is very probable that some of these have come from the coral reefs offshore, 

 and it is impossible to distinguish between the species that come from these reefs and those that are brought from other regions. 

 Moreover, in view of the algae found on these reefs, it is unsafe to assume that any species observed in this region has come from a 

 more distant point. Such species may be found at any time by collectors here or at other places, and it is entirely possible that 

 some of these, even if they do not now occur at Beaufort, may establish themselves here, either in the harbor or on the coral reefs 

 offshore. These species are included in the total number given for the region, but are enumerated in a separate list. 



