68 MARKET GARDENING. 



cabbage, turnips, mangels, carrots, as a distortion and 

 enlargement, in spindle form, of the main root stem and 

 rootlets, occasionally to ten times the normal size of the 

 roots. This ugly growth is due to the attack of a fungus 

 which usually fastens itself upon the plant at an early 

 stage, and when once present remains permanently. 

 The spores seem to form a connecting link between the 

 vegetable and the animal kingdom, for though entirely 

 vegetable, they have tail-like appendages which, by 

 vibration^ cause the spores to move over wet surfaces in 

 quite a life-like manner. Cabbage with club-root and 

 no one can mistake the disease should at once be burned, 

 and no attempt made upon that land to grow cabbage 

 for at least a year. 



Pea Fungus. A fungus attacking peas, espe- 

 cially late varieties, or early ones sown late, and known 

 as pea mildew, is developed by decaying material of weeds 

 or rubbish, and is for warded, especially, under conditions 

 of moisture and heat. When a crop is once attacked 

 there is little hope of arresting its ravages, and the best 

 course is to pull up the plants and use the ground for 

 something else. 



The Bordeaux Mixture, used to destroy fungus 

 growths, as scab and mildew on grapes, apples, pears, 

 and other fruits of hard wooded plants, is valuable also 

 in the treatment of garden vegetables and flowers suffer- 

 ing from fungus. To make the mixture, take four 

 pounds fresh unslaked lime, six pounds copper sulphate 

 powdered, forty-five gallons of water, or in same pro- 

 portion ; slack the lime, making a creamy mixture. Pour 

 into a barrel, straining it through a sack. Fill up with 

 water and stir. The mixture will cost about one cent 

 per gallon. 



The mixture must be applied in the form of fine 

 spray, applied with force by an effective pump or syringe. 

 For fruits it will be safe to make four sprayings. 



