DIEZ'S ETYMOLOGISCHES WORTERBUCH. 397 



machecrier, which occurs in the Roman de Ron in the sense of 

 a butcher; and this would become massacrier, and thus give 

 rise to a concrete massacre. At Rouen the street where meat 

 was sold used to be called Rue de Massacre. Carnage, in the 

 same way, meant originally meat-eating, as opposed to manger 

 maigre. 



Boucher. Surely Boucherie meant a place where you could 

 get munition de bouche, and a butcher is merely a purveyor. 



Piloto. The connexion of ideas ^between Pilotis and Piloto 

 is illustrated by what I have seen on the Rhone, namely, two 

 men in the bows of the vessel taking soundings with long poles, 

 pilotis ; piloting the vessel by means of them. 



Pimiento. As the name seems to have been given to the 

 spiced wine originally, and secondarily to the spice used in it, 

 the idea of calling it pigment seems to be an allusion to the 

 effect of spiced wine on the complexion ; a ludicrous or joking 

 name for a drink seems natural, and there are other instances 

 of it. Orpiment, by the way, is auri pigmentum. 



Fregata. What is the origin of our English word to freight? 

 fregata, or frigate must be connected with this verb, as Carrick 

 with caricare and oneraria with onerare. 



Orza. I should be inclined to suggest, though doubtingly, 

 that a lorza means on the left side, in consequence of the early 

 habit of mankind, which seems to recur at all times of speaking 

 of the cardinal points on the hypothesis of looking to the east. 

 Thus the phrase originally meant towards the Bear or North : 

 and secondarily to the left hand as the north is when one looks 

 east. The earliest trace of this way of thinking is in Genesis, 

 where it is said of Ishmael, that he shall dwell in the presence 

 of his brethren, that is, east of them. 



Aubaine. Is not this word, like arban, heribannum, as auberge 

 is herberge f meaning the Lord's right, and especially his right 

 against a stranger. Why it should mean this particular right, 

 as arban means the Corvee, one cannot quite tell : but I imagine 

 that aubain in the sense of a stranger was a word formed in 

 consequence of a mistake of the meaning of the word aubaine. 



Bis. Another instance of the use of this particle in com- 

 position to indicate something other than as it should be, is 

 Bistourner: the only church at Paris not towards the east is 

 popularly called St Benoit le Bistourne*. 



