IDENTICAL CHANGES 



matter can suffer no change except a change of 

 position of the individual Spheres. 



Wherein then does heat differ from light or 

 from any other manifestation of force ? 



All are at last the result of the one universal 

 force causing a displacement of material parts. 

 And, moreover, all are based upon and relative to 

 that general movement of void matter in the 

 process of universal life. 



Always a manifestation of force is between two 

 bodies; always one gives and the other receives. 

 And the body that gives must exert a pressure, 

 and the body that receives must within it have 

 something that yields. Therefore, heat cannot go 

 two ways, or in opposite directions at once, and 

 our body cannot give heat to the stove while the 

 stove is transmitting heat to us. 



And while magnetism directly causes a contrac- 

 tion of the steel that is magnetized, yet there seems 

 to be no available data to disprove a supposition 

 that heat is evolved in the process. 



Chemical action brings the particles of sub- 

 stances closer together, and always there is heat 

 accompanying or caused by the process. Electricity 

 and light produce heat in the substances acted upon 

 most generally. But they evidently also cause 

 other changes which are their distinct ear-marks. 



But the expansion of substances by an inflow 

 of void matter, under the pressure 'exerted upon 

 the void matter by a cooling body that is con- 

 tracting, this seems to be the real essence of heat. 

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