IDENTICAL CHANGES 



Even as a man may be affected as a citizen of a 

 State while his own affairs do not affect the State ; 

 and yet he is a citizen only because he is a man, 

 and after all the whole State is based on his man- 

 hood. 



Every higher degree of organization is based 

 upon a preceding degree, and the form and con- 

 stitution, and that which constitutes, an identity 

 of a low degree, cannot be annulled or done away 

 with in the organization of a higher degree. 



The identity of the man is still in the State. 

 The form of the atom of gold is still in the double 

 eagle. And in the substance magnetized there are 

 still the atoms unimpaired in form or constitutional 

 requirements. 



Every manifestation of force is a mechanical dis- 

 placement of material parts. (Prop. XXI, B. 2.) 



Magnetism is a displacement of void matter in 

 plane layers. (Prop. XII, B. 3.) 



The magnetizing of substances is essentially a 

 mechanical process, whether accomplished through 

 the strokes or contact of a permanent magnet, or 

 through the subtle influence of an electrified spiral. 



And it is evident that there occurs, in the sub- 

 stance magnetized, a rearrangement of particles 

 relative to one another. 



Magnetism is induced in the steel by tension, or 

 by blows upon the end of a steel bar, held in a 

 particular position relative to the earth's centre 

 and magnetic meridian. 



And from most, or perhaps all, phenomena per- 

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