MONASTIC GARDENING 9 



Each department within the monastery was directed in a 

 regular and orderly way, and was presided over by an officer, 

 with set duties to perform, who had to keep the accounts of 

 his office, and was responsible for its management. There 

 was a Gardener, or Hortulanus, or Gardinarius, or Garden 

 Warder, just as much as there was an Almoner, Sacristan, 

 Precentor, or any other officer. 



In some instances the accounts of the Hortulanus exist, and 

 further references to gardening matters are scattered through- 

 out various chartularies. Two very perfect series are those of 

 Norwich Priory and Abingdon Abbey, ^ and they are doubtless 

 fair examples of the Gardeners' accounts in the majority of 

 monasteries. There are four accounts at Abingdon, the 

 earliest for the year 1369-70. The Norwich series is far more 

 numerous, as there are some thirty rolls, the earhest 1340, the 

 last 1529, the first decade of the fifteenth century being well 

 represented. 



These accounts show the receipts and expenses of the office, 

 the cost of repairs, the money received from the few products 

 sold ; but they throw no light on the processes of cultivation, 

 nor do they particularize the plants which were grown. 



Like the other officers, or obedientiars, the Hortulanus had 

 his " famulus " to assist in the work, and was also allowed to 

 employ labourers, and money was forthcoming for their pay- 

 ment from the rent of some small piece of land, or some tene- 

 ments which belonged to the office. At Ramsey Abbey ^ there 

 were two " famuli " in the garden, and their payment [circa 

 1 170 A.D.) was " to each of them fourteen loaves " and two 

 acres of land.^ But in spite of various small rents and money 

 received from the surplus garden produce, or grain grown on 

 the lands belonging to the garden office, the accounts do not 



^ Those at Norwich are only in MS. Those at Abingdon are printed 

 by Camden Soc, Accounts of the Obedientiars of Abingdon Abbey, R. E. G. 

 Kirk, 1892. 



^ Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia, Wm. Hart. List of Monastic 

 officers. 



^ At Durham monastery the payment was to " Robert Kyrvour, 

 ortulanus, per annum 5s.," together with a few other small payments 

 amounting to about another 5s. {Durham Household Book, Surtees 

 Society). 



