Thirteenth century 53 



looks as if it was what is usually understood by an arbour, a 

 covered-in place. There are many descriptions of such arbours 

 in the fourteenth century, and it was the custom to turf them. 

 The herbarium may, however, have been a small private garden, 

 planted with herbs, with high thick hedges. The garden at 

 Clarendon was enclosed by a paling,^ while those of Windsor'^ 

 and Kennington^ were enclosed by a ditch. In 1260 more 

 alterations were carried out in the garden outside Windsor 

 Castle ; the gardener's house was moved, and a further wall 

 built. During many successive reigns this garden at Windsor 

 was kept up, and from time to time improved, and the orchard 

 or vineyard was extended. Entries of the wages paid to the 

 gardener and the vine-dresser occur in many of the household 

 accounts preserved in the Record Office. The gardener re- 

 ceived loos. a year, the labourers 2|d. a day. It is curious 

 to note that the produce of these gardens was sold, and it 

 seems to have been the exception when all the fruit was con- 

 sumed by the King's household. In 1332 there is the following 

 entry among the receipts : " 6s. 6d. received for the fruits and 

 herbage of the King's garden outside the Castle " ;^ and other 

 like entries occur. In " the account of Walter Hungerford, 

 Knight, Steward of the Household of King Henry V. and 

 Constable of the Castle of Wyndsore "^ (1419-1422), " for any 

 issues arising from fruits of the garden and vines of the King 

 there in the two second years (sic) in the time of this account, 

 he does not answer, for that the fruits of the said garden were 

 delivered to the Household of the Lord the King there, and 

 the grapes of the vines there were eaten by the Ladies and 

 others of the King's Household then being there, so that the 

 same Constable had not and could not have any profit thereof, 

 as he says upon his oath." 



Besides the royal gardens at Westminster, Charing, and 

 the Tower, there were others near the houses of the great 

 nobles, and smaller gardens belonging to the citizens around 

 London. A description of the town by FitzStephen in his 

 Life of Thomas a Becket, whose contemporary he was, gives 



^ Liberate Roll, 37 lien. III., m. 13. - Ibid., 37 Hen. III., m. 17. 



^ Ibid. * Ministers' Accounts, Bundle 753, No. 9. 



^ Ibid., Bundle 755, No. 10. 



3 



