THE ELIZABETHAN FLOWER GARDEN 109 



by applications of decoctions of its leaves. The only reference 

 to the smoking of the dry leaves by Europeans was that 

 those " that doo fetch their breath short are recommended to 

 take the smoke " in at the mouth. ^ 



Several new plants were introduced by the exertions of 

 some of the leading patrons of gardening. Lord Burghley and 

 Lord Carew were the first to try growing oranges in England. 

 Lord Sahsbury employed Tradescant to procure new varieties 

 of fruit trees and other plants from abroad. Lord Zouche, 

 also, deserves a foremost place among the encouragers of horti- 

 culture. He was the patron of Lobel, and had a fine Physic 

 Garden at Hackney, of which Lobel had the charge. Lord 

 Zouche himself also brought back plants from abroad. Gerard 

 mentions two in particular. " The small Candy mustard," 

 which grows in "Austria, Candy, Spain, and Italy," was brought 

 by him on his return " from those parts." Also the " Thorne 

 apple," the seeds of which he presented to Gerard. 



New plants and new ideas about gardening were also coming 

 in from France and the Low Countries, with the influx of 

 Protestant refugees. The Huguenots who came to this 

 country were representatives of almost every trade and craft, 

 and especially that of gardening, which greatly improved under 

 the influence of these new-comers, and members of that craft 

 were among those who took out Letters of Denization in 1544. 

 Many of these foreign gardeners settled about Sandwich, 

 Colchester, and Norwich, and gave a stimulus to gardening 

 in those districts. Foreign gardeners were employed by 

 several landowners in the neighbourhood, to alter and lay out 

 their gardens. In 1575 a Dutch gardener was paid 3s. 4d. 

 for " his travayle from Norwich to Hengrave to viewe ye 

 orchards, gradyns, and walks," and 40s. was also " paid to 

 the Dutcliman for clypping the knotts, altering the alleys, 

 setting the grounde, finding herbs and bordering the same."^ 

 It was these foreigners, also, who first set on foot the " Florist 

 Feasts " for which Norwich was famed. 



^ Joyfull Newes out of the New-found Worlde, translated from the 

 Spanish by John Frampton, 1580. 



2 Huguenot Society, Walloons and their Church at Norwich, W. T. C. 

 Moens, 1887. 



