170 A HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ENGLAND 



In 1664 Evelyn published his Kalendarium Hortense, or 

 Gardener's Almanac, a most popular work, which went through 

 a number of editions, and appeared with the last corrected 

 edition of the Silva, in 1705, and Evelyn died at the end of 

 the same year. The flowers to be planted and the business 

 to be done in each month is carefully gone through. He 

 gives also a list of the comparative tenderness of flowers, 

 and divides them into three classes, those " least patient of 

 cold," "to be first set into the conservatory or otherwise 

 defended," those " enduring second degree of cold," and 

 accordingly " to be secured in the conservatory ;" Class III. 

 " not perishing but in excessive colds to be last set in or 

 protected under matrasses or slighter coverings." His classi- 

 fications of some of the plants are rather singular. The first 

 begins well with Acacia ^gyptiaca { = A. vera) , Aloe American 

 { = Agave americana), then Amaranthus tricolor, but the list 

 contains also Styrax Colutea, or bladder senna, and white 

 lilac, which are hardy, while oranges, lemons, oleanders, and 

 " Spanish jasmine " (/. odoratissimum) are in the second class 

 with the" Suza Iris " (7. susiana), " summer purple cyclamen " 

 (C. europcBum), and "Digitalis Hispan " (lutea). The last 

 list classes together pomegranates and pine-apples with Eryn- 

 gium planum and winter aconite. 



In Rea's Flora, Ceres, and Pomona, the approximate size 

 of a garden is given. The dimensions are much more modest 

 than Bacon's " princely garden," eighty square yards for fruit 

 and thirty square yards for flower-garden for a nobleman ; 

 for a " private gentleman 40 square yards fruit and 20 flower 

 is enough ; a wall all round of brick 9 feet high, and a 5 feet 

 wall to divide the fruit and flower gardens, or else pales painted 

 a brick colour. The large square beds to be railed with wooden 

 rails painted, or box-trees or pallisades for dwarf trees." Most 

 of the designs he gives are squares, with T or L shaped beds, 

 fitting into the angles and along the walls of the garden, these 

 borders to be about three yards wide. In the corners of each 

 bed were to be planted " the best crown Imperials, lilies, 

 Martagons, and such tall flowers, in the middle of the square 

 beds great tufts of pionies, and round about them several sorts 

 of cyclamen, the rest (of the beds) with Daffodils, Hyacinths, 



