LANDSCAPE GARDENING 247 



which guided some of these Landscape-Gardeners. The chief 

 of them he lays down in twenty-eight rules, among which 

 are the following : " The grand front of the building lies open 

 upon an elegant lawn, adorned with statues, terminated on 

 its sides with open groves." " Such walks whose views cannot 

 be extended terminate in Woods, Forests, misshapen Rocks, 

 strange Precipices, Mountains, old Ruins, grand buildings, 

 &c." " No regular evergreens in any part of an open plain or 

 parterre." " No borders or scroll work cut in any lawn or 

 parterre." " That all gardens be grand, beautiful and natural." 

 " That all the trees in your shady walks and groves be planted 

 with sweet Briar, white Jessemine, and Honeysuckle, environed 

 at the Bottom with a small circle of Dwarf stock. Candy tuft 

 and Pinks." " Hills and Dales be made by art where Nature 

 has not performed the act before." " That the intersections 

 of walks be adorned with statues," and many hke rules for the 

 correct way of making " rivulets, aviaries, grottoes, cascades, 

 rocks, ruins, niches, canals, and fishponds." He also gives a 

 long list of what statues were most suitable for each place : 

 Pomona in the Orchard, Harpocrates, the God of Silence, for a 

 grove, and so on. This subject of statues much perturbed 

 some of the designers. " The use of statues," wrote George 

 Mason, " is a dangerous attempt in gardening, not impossible, 

 however, to be practised with success : how peculiarly happy 

 is the position of the river God at Stourhead (Sir Richard 

 Hoare's) in Wiltshire ! . . . I remember a figure at Hagley,^ 

 which one could fancy darting across the Alley of a grove . . , 

 and only wished the pedestal had been concealed." These 

 statues, urns, and monuments were arranged to impart to the 

 beholder a particular impression, on first discovering them. 

 Shenstone discusses the various sensations produced by an 

 urn, and comes to the conclusion that " Solemnity is perhaps 

 their point, and the situation of them should still co-operate 

 with it." " They are more solemn, if large and plain." A 

 clump of trees, a lake, or wilderness, had to be " sublime," 

 " beautiful," " picturesque," " solemn," " grand," " digni- 

 fied," or " elegant." A wood was planted for " rudeness or 

 grandeur," a " grove for beauty," a cave or grotto was to strike 

 ^ Laid out by Lord Lyttleton. 



