278 A HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ENGLAND 



many foreigners have been engaged in the same quest, and 

 English gardens benefited equally by their discoveries. 



The number of roses in our gardens now is infinite, and a 

 very large proportion only became known in this country 

 during last century. In addition to the old-fashioned species, 

 the Gallica, the Damask, Sulphurea, Scotch, Austrian, Moss, 

 Sempervirens, and Musk, there are now many more species, 

 besides endless hybrids. Most of the new species have come 

 from Eastern Asia, The little Banksian Rose came from 

 China in 1807, and smaller Fairy Rose in 1810 ; the Tea- 

 scented Rose about the same time. Monthly Roses in 1789, 

 and multiflora in 1822. Since then numerous varieties have 

 been added — Boursault's, Noisette, Polyantha, Bourbon, and 

 so on. In the Catalogue of the great nurseryman, Loddiges, 

 in Hackney, in 1826, there are " no less than 1,393 species and 

 varieties of Roses," numbered as existing in their nurseries, 

 and Lee, of Hammersmith, also had great quantities. Ever 

 since then roses have been multiplying yearly. Before 1850 

 many roses which still hold their own, such as Devoniensis or 

 Souvenir de la Malmaison, were already being grown. In 1861- 

 1862 Paul^ brought out as many as sixty-two new varieties, 

 and during the next ten years he added many more, including 

 such favourites as Marechal Niel, Louis Van Houtte, and Paul 

 Neron. This profusion of roses is still being added to year 

 by year by growers in this country, and also largely by im- 

 portations from abroad, particularly from France. Several 

 conspicuous classes were added to the already lengthy list 

 towards the end of the century. " Lord Penzance " hybrid 

 briars were a new departure, and even more conspicuous were 

 the numerous freely-blooming ramblers, such as " Turner's 

 Crimson " and " Dorothy Perkins," and many others, which 

 have transformed the aspect of summer gardens. The Rosa 

 rugosa of Japan, although brought from there in 1845, was not 

 much cultivated until some forty years later, and equally dis- 

 tinct are the fresh strains developed from Rosa Wichuriana. 

 The roses in favour during the middle of the century inclined 

 towards stiffness, and growers aimed at extremely double, 

 evenly circular blooms, with sweet scent and strong colours. 

 ^ The Rose-Garden, by Wm. Paul. Ninth edition, 1888. 



