NINETEENTH CENTURY 305 



plants to a foremost place led people to read what old writers 

 had to say of them, and the study of forgotten books probably 

 hastened the movement in favour of the formal garden. 

 From time to time the old-fashioned formal method had had 

 its adherents, even when the rage for Italian gardens was at 

 its height. Some beautiful specimens of the English styles 

 in vogue prior to the " landscape " craze were made between 

 1840 and i860. Penshurst in Kent, Arley^ in Cheshire, 

 BHckling in Norfolk, and Montacute in Somerset, are all well- 

 known examples. A representative type of the later revival 

 in favour of the " formal," which was started in opposition 

 to the " wild garden," can be seen at Ascott.^ Here there is a 

 remarkable collection of quaint cut yew and box trees, some of 

 which were transplanted from neighbouring cottage gardens ; 

 but many 'vere brought home from Holland, and arranged as 

 if they were growing in a seventeenth-century garden. 



The advocates of these opposite schools waged a fierce war 

 in print, and the nineteenth century closed when the con- 

 troversy was at its height. The truce arrived at was a com- 

 promise, and a fusion of the best of both contending parties, 

 and a new phase of gardening was entered upon, which will be 

 dealt with shortly in the following chapter. 



^ Belonging to P. Egerton Warburton, Esq. See illusti'ation. 

 ' Near Leighton Buzzard, belonging to Leopold Rothschild, Esq. 



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