No. 4.] REPORT OF STATE FORESTER. 347 



spring, when it is advisable to spray for scale insects, until August, when 

 the most effective work can be accomplished against the brown-tail. 



In carrying on the work against the gypsy moth, we divide it into two 

 divisions, orchard and woodland work, each. of which has its separate 

 methods of procedure and is in turn divided into tliree classes of work. 



Of course, the first object is to get the owner to do his own work and do 

 it intelligently, but where this cannot be accomplished, we take the follow- 

 ing method. If it be an orchard, our first work is to remove the worthless 

 trees and then put the remaining ones in the best possible condition to 

 withstand the pests. This can be done by removing the dead wood and 

 closing all cavities within by means of the tin or zinc method, or cement. 

 There are several methods of cementing which are cheaper but not as last- 

 ing as the ones described previously. A picture of one method is shown 

 in this report. The large cavity is simply hurriedly cleaned of decayed 

 matter and the outside edges pared down to give a free exposure of the cam- 

 bium, then the cavity is filled with a composition of cement, sand and large 

 stones, care being taken, of course, not to remove the cement composition 

 over the cambium layer. The whole thing is then painted with tar. This 

 affords a cheap filling for large cavities and at the same time prevents the 

 laying of eggs out of sight or where they cannot be easily treated. Smaller 

 cavities arc treated as illustrated elsewhere in this report. 



After the orchard has been put into this condition the owner is in- 

 structed to hunt the eggs of the gypsy moth and treat them with creosote, 

 or the city does the work. 



Owing to the topography of our city, and the great amount of loose 

 stones, retaining walls and old stone walls, it is impossible to locate and 

 treat all the egg clusters deposited, and a continuous infestation is there- 

 fore resulting, in spite of the elimination of the hollow trees. It therefore 

 becomes necessary to use other means of holding them in check. For this 

 reason spraying of orchards is advised, and the additional use of tanglefoot 

 on the trees where they adjoin woodland infested with gypsy moths. 



In the case of woodland, we advise also the removal of worthless speci- 

 mens, or, in other words, an improvement thinning adapted to gypsy 

 moth conditions. For this purpose we have published a list of trees which 

 are more or less resistant to the gypsy moth and those nonresistant. It is 

 then our policy in every case possible to remove not only suppressed and 

 worthless trees, but also the nonresistant species. 



Two examples of this work we conducted in our city last year. The first 

 covered an area of about 6 acres and the second 50 acres. In the first 

 case the work was done at a profit to the owner of some .^200, and in the 

 second case, where a considerable area of pine thinnings was made also, a 

 profit of $1,300 was realized. 



In the second stage of work in the case of woodland it does not seem 

 profitable to go over the trees with creosote or use the tanglefoot only in 

 rare instances, but spraying is conducted extensively. 



In addition to the above-stated methods, which I designate as hand 



