ON THE MILK OF THE COW. 323 



in the brewery, is starch. Its albuminous matters, its oil, and some dextrine and extract, still 

 remain, and although a single grain seems to be completely eviscerated by the brewer, yet it 

 has held on to something, and when, as I have remarked, a large quantity is given, a conside- 

 rable amount of aliment is received. The following result relates immcdately to what the 

 brewer leaves. A bushel of grains, after draining, will weigh about 28 pounds. One hundred 

 grains dried in a water bath, at 212= Fah., loses 67 per cent, which is water, consequently the 

 dry grains amount to 33 per cent, yielding 82 grains of ash. 

 One hundred grains of dry grains yield, 



Oil,.... 106 



Albuminous matter and some starch and fine fibre, 14 "66 



Gluten 1 '77 



Dextrine 8'60 



Sugar and extract 1 1 • 00 



Fibre, 62-92 



In washing the dry grains in fine linen, for obtaining the albuminous matter, remaining 

 starch, &c., I found that a small quantity of fine granular particles passed through. The starch 

 is often visible to the eye in the broken grains. Ether dissolves more than 1 per cent of oil, 

 and alcohol dissolved from the remaining fibre 1-77 per cent of gluten or hordien. The dextrine 

 precipitated by alcohol from the solution was much greater than I expected to obtain. 



It appears, therefore, that grains contain largely the elements of blood and muscle, in its al- 

 bumen and gluten ; respiratory matter in its oil, dextrine and starch, as well as material for fat 

 in both classes of these elements. One pound of dry grains will contain 76 grains of oil ; in 

 9 pounds of dry grains there is nearly an ounce and a half of oil. In the same quantity of 

 grains there is about 1197 grains of gluten, which is contained in the fibre after the extraction 

 of the albumen, starch and dextrine by water. The 9 pounds of dry grains contain 6372 

 grains of pure dextrine. The use of about 2^16 pounds of grains produced in eight days 7-62 

 pounds of butter, and 8-74 pounds of casein or cheese. The amount of milk was 103 pounds 

 and 2 ounces during the eight days the cow was fed upon grains. In Prof. Thompson's expe- 

 riments the cow ate in ten days 80 pounds of whole barley, 40 pounds of linseed meal, and 

 267 pounds of hay, which yielded 7 pounds 2 ounces and 8 drs. of butter, requiring 205 

 pounds, 10 ounces and 4 drs. of milk. I am however disposed to account, in part, for these 

 results to the character of the individual cows. The composition of milk may appear favora- 

 ble from other causes, independent of food or season of the year. Thus if the first milk drawn 

 is compared with the last drawn, a striking difference in its composition may be shown. It is 

 a view which has been very generally adopted from casual observation. I wished, however, 

 to ascertain, by direct analysis, the difference of milk obtained in these two stages of milking. 

 Accordingly I obtained milk for this purpose, and obtained the following results : 



