CHAP. I.] THE DOCTRINE OF MAN TWOFOLD. 151 



merits a closer examination, since the knowledge of himself 

 is to man the end and time of the sciences, of which nature 

 only forms a portion. And here we must admonish man- 

 kind, that all divisions of tho sciences are to be understood 

 and employed, so as only to mark out and distingui-'ih, not 

 tear, separate, or make any solution of continuity in their 

 body ;*^ the contrary practice having rendered particular 

 sciences barren, empty, and erroneous, whilst they are not 

 fed, supported, and kept right by their common parent. 

 Thus we find Cicero complaining of Socrates, that he first 

 disjoined philosophy from rhetoric, which is thence become 

 a frothy, talkative art.* And it is likewise evident, that 

 although the opinion of Copernicus about the earth's rota- 

 tion cannot be confuted by astronomical principles, because 

 it agrees with phenomena, yet it may easily be exploded by 

 natural philosophy. In like manner the art of medicine, 

 without the assistance of natural philosophy, difiers but little 

 from empiricism. 



The doctrine of man divides itself into two parts, or into 

 human and civil philosophy, as it considers man separate, or 

 joined in society. Human philosophy consists in the sciences 

 that regard the body, and those that regard the soul of man. 

 But before we descend to a more particular distribution, it 

 is proper to make one general science of the nature and 

 state of man, which certainly deserves to be freed from the 

 rest, and reduced to a science by itself. And this will con- 

 sist of such things as are common both to the body and the 

 soul. It may, likewise, be divided into two parts ; viz., ac- 

 cording to the individual nature of man, and the connection 

 of the soul and body. The former we call the doctrine of 

 the person of man, and the other the doctrine of union. All 

 which, being common and mixed matters, cannot be sepa- 

 rately referred to the sciences that regard the body, nor to 

 those that regard the soul. 



The doctrine of the human person principally consists in 

 two things : the consideration of the miseries of mankind, 

 and its prerogatives or excellencies. There are many 

 writings, both philosophical and theological, that elegantly 

 and copiously bewail the human miseries, and it is an agree* 



• Seoeca'a Epistles, § 89. ' P© Oritor^ 



