INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON LIFE 141 



temperature), and the highest temperature at which ger- 

 mination was possible, were approximately ascertained by 

 Haberlandt by experiments at 61, 77, 88, 100, 111, 132 F. 



Optimum and Maximum Temperatures for Germination 



Optimum Maximum 



Temperature. Temperature. 



Barley, Vetches 61-77 D ... 88 -100 



Mustard ... 61-88 ... 88 - 100 D 



Rye, Wheat, Oats, Timothy Grass, Beans, \ ^ ^ ^^ 



Carrot, Flax, Tobacco j 



Turnips 77 D -88 ... 88-100 



Buckwheat 77 - 88 ... 100 -111 



Red Clover, Lucerne 77-100 :> ... 100- 111 



Sorghum 77- 100 ... Ill - 122 



Rye Grass 88 ... 88 - 10(P 



Lupins, Sunflower 88 ... 100-111 



Cucumber 88 ... Ill - 122 



Maize, Melon 88-100 ... 111-122 



Rape 100 ... 100- 111 



Pumpkin 100 ... 111 D -122 



These results afford ample illustrations of the dependence of 

 germination on the temperature of the soil. The warmer the 

 soil is, the quicker will the seed germinate, and the earlier 

 will be the ensuing crop. A warm soil in spring time is thus 

 of immense advantage to the agriculturist. 



The temperature of the soil has an equally great influence 

 on the subsequent development of the plant. Bialoblocki 

 (Landw. Versuchs-Stationen, xiii. 424) grew barley in pots 

 of sand maintained at various temperatures. The sand was 

 watered with a solution of nutritive salts, the influence of 

 heat on the chemical changes proceeding in a natural soil was 

 thus eliminated. In the first series of experiments, the pots 

 were maintained at their respective temperatures from the 

 time when the seeds of barley were sown. In the second 



