18 horticulturist's rule-book. 



turn brown. The cocoons are white and slender and are 

 laid side by side upon the under sides of twigs, where they 

 are conspicuous in winter. 



Remedies. — Burn cocoons in winter or apply strong kero- 

 sene emulsion to them. Arsenites for the larvse in summer. 



Apple-Curculio (Anthonomus quadrigihhus, Say). — A soft, 

 white grub, about half an inch long, living in the fruit. 



Remedies. — Arsenites, as for codlin-moth, are usually 

 recommended. Probably jarring them off the tree, as is 

 done for plum-curculio, is the most effective treatment. 



Apple Flea-Beetle {Graptodera foliacea., Lee). — Beetle, 

 one-fifth inch or less long, feeding upon leaves. 

 Remedy. — Arsenites. 



Apple-Maggot or Railroad- Wor3i {Trypeta pomonella, 

 Walsh). — Maggot; infests fall apples mostly, occasionally 

 attacks winter fruit. It tunnels apples through and through, 

 causing the fruit to fall to the earth. 



Remedies. — Immediately destroy all infested fruit, pom- 

 ace, and apple-waste from the house. If the orchard is in 

 sod, burn the grass under the trees in fall or spring ; if in 

 cultivation, spade or plough up the soil under the trees 

 in spring. Orchards in sandy soil and with a southern 

 exposure are most affected. 



Bark-Louse (Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouche). — Minute in- 

 sects feeding upon the tender shoots, most active in early 

 spring. Later in the season the insect secretes a scale 

 under which it lives. The old scales become conspicuous 

 on the twigs. 

 Preventive. — Plant unaffected trees. 

 Remedies. — Spray with kerosene emulsion, carbolic acid 

 wash, soda wash, or soap-and-soda wash, when shoots start. 

 Wash limbs in winter or before leaves start, with soap-suds 

 or lye water. Scrape off lice. 



Blight. — See under Pear in Chap. IV. 



Bdd-Moth (Tmetocera ocellajia, Fabr.). — A minute insect, 

 the larvse destroying the flower-buds of apples, pears, 

 plums, etc. 



