50 horticulturist's rule-book. 



soaking grains previous to sowing, to destroy spores of 

 smuts. The Germans use a |-per cent solution, and soak 

 the grains for about 16 hours. 



3. A saturated solution with 1 per cent sulphuric acid 

 added is sometimes used in place of a similar one of iron 

 sulphate for grape anthracnose in winter. 



Sulphatine powder, the Esteve process. — Mix 2 pounds 

 of anhydrous sulphate of copper with 20 pounds of flowers 

 of sulphur and 2 pounds of air-slaked lime. For mildew, 

 downy mildew, and black-rot of grape, tomato, and potato- 

 blight and rot. 



Sulphate of iron. — 1. Simple solution in water of 4 to 8 

 pounds to the gallon. To be used only as a wash before 

 the buds swell. A saturated solution to which about 1 per 

 cent of sulphuric acid is. added is successfully used in 

 Europe, for anthracnose of the vine, etc., in winter. 

 2. For a spray, dissolve about 1 pound to the gallon. 



Sulphide, or sulphuret, of potassium (liver of sulphur). — 

 Simple solution in water of :^ to 1 ounce to the gallon. For 

 mildew in greenhouses, mildew on roses, erinose of vine, 

 orange leaf-scab, celery leaf -blight, pear and apple-scab and 

 various rots. 



Sulphide-of-soda wash (HilgarcVs). — Dissolve 30 pounds 

 of whale-oil soap in 60 gallons of water by heating the two 

 together thoroughly. Then boil 3 pounds of American 

 concentrated lye with 6 pounds of sulphur and 2 gallons of 

 water. When thoroughly dissolved, it is a dark-brown 

 liquid, chemically called sulphide of soda. Mix the two — 

 the soap and the sulphur — well, and allow them to boil for 

 half an hour, then add 90 gallons of water to the mixture, 

 and it is ready for use. Apply it warm by means of a 

 spray-pump. Used warm, its effect is better, and less 

 material is required than when cold. For scab diseases. 



Sulphur. — • In its dry and pulverized state, sulphur, known as 

 flowers of sulphur, is often a valuable fungicide, particu- 

 larly for surface mildew. In the greenhouse it may also 

 be used in fumes. Evaporate it over a steady heat, as an 



