37 



possible. And these long roots will have comparatively few branches 

 or small feeding roots, as it is notorious that roots branch freely in 

 a fertile soil and sparsely in a poor soil. Now when the land in 



Fig. 4. — A poor type of tree for renovating. Trunk is too long and main 

 branches have no bearing wood except at tops. If renovation i.s attempted 

 this tree should be severely cut back to renew the top. 



the orchard is ploughed and cultivated, and fertilizers are apjilied, the 

 conditions become very much more favorable in the soil, and the 

 roots begin to branch freely in response to these improved conditions. 

 If the fertilizer has been applied in the form of barn manure, as is 



