10 



The plants given in the above list are selected from a much 

 larger number, all of which are known to be favorites with 

 birds, and are such as are likely to be secured through the 

 ordinary channels of trade. The fruiting seasons include the 

 earliest and latest dates recorded for New York and New Eng- 

 land, and it cannot be expected that fruit will be available at 

 any one locality throughout the entire season given, unless a 

 large number of plants are set in a variety of situations. Mr. 

 McAtee also gives the following valuable notes on the foregoing 

 list: — 



Bayberry. Usual trade name is Myrica cerifera. 



Hackberry. Fruit scarce in late May and June. Celtis serrata, C. bun- 



geana or C. mississippiensis may be substituted. 

 Mulberry. Morus tatarica msiy be used. 

 Pokeweed. Let it grow through shrubs or a trellis which will support it in 



winter. 

 Barberry. Berberis amurensis, B. aristata, B. regeliana and B. rehderiana 



are good substitutes. The universally planted B. thunbergi seems to be 



of very little value as bird food. 

 Sassafras. Appears in most catalogues as S. officinale or S. sassafras. 

 Flowering apple. The following may be substituted: P. baccata, P. halli- 



ana, P. parkmanni, P. sargentii and P. toringo. 

 Chokeberry. Often called Pyrus or Aronia nigra. P. arbidifolia, another 



native species, retains its fruit just as long, but the fruit becomes very 



dry toward the end of the season. 

 Cherry. Prunus cerasifera, P. fruticosus, P. japonica pendula, P. sargentii 



and P. tomentosa, all introduced, are worth adding. 

 Sumac. Rhus copallina or R. hirta {typhina) may be substituted for R. 



glabra. 

 June berry. Amelanchier canadensis, sold by nurserymen, is a composite 



species. Several species are now recognized, among which A. Iwvis is a 



notably early fruiter and A. sangxdnea a late one. Some fruit of June 



berries occasionally hangs much later than the season indicated, but in 



very dry condition. 

 Thorns. The species recommended are those usual in the trade. So far 



as desirability is concerned many native species could be substituted. 



Cotoneasters, such as C. coccinea, C. horizontalis, C. microphylla, C. 



rotundifolia and C. tomentosa, may also be used. 

 Strawberr3\ Often called Fragaria vesca var. aniericana. F. virginiana is 



a fair substitute. Little dealt in; must usually be transplanted from 



woods and fields. 

 Blackberry. Rubus t iflorus is frequently called R. americanus. 

 Rose. All native species have persistent fruit. The small-fruited ones 



are best for birds. Rosa Carolina and R. nitida are suitable for low 



