13 



***Sambucus canadensis, common elder. 



***Sambucus pubens, panicled elder. 

 Shepherdia canadensis, shepherdia. 

 **Sym.phoricarpos racemosus, snow- 

 berry. 



***Vacciniuni ca:spitosum, dwarf bil- 

 berry. 



***Vaccinium, corymbosum, high-bush 

 blueberry. 



***Vacciniuni pennsyhanicum, low-bush 

 blueberry; and doubtless other 



species, including V. vitisidwa, cow- 

 berry. 



**Vibumum, alnifolium, hobble bush. 



**Viburnum dentatum, arrow- wood. 



**Viburnuni lentago, sheepberrj-. 



**Vibumuni nudum, withe-rod. 



**Viburnum ojndus, high-bush cran- 

 berry. 



**ViburnuTn prunifoliuni, black haw; 

 and doubtless V. acerifolium, V. 

 cassinoides, and other species. 



Vines. 

 Virginia 



*-*Ampelopsis quinquefolia, 

 creeper. 

 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, bearberry. 

 Celastrus scandens, false bittersweet 

 Menispermum canadense, moonseed 

 Mitchella repens, partridge berry. 

 Vaccinium macrocarpon, cranberry. 



Vaccinium oxycoccus, dwarf 

 berry. 

 *Smilax rotundifolia, bull brier. 

 **-Vitis cordifolia, frost grape. 

 **Vitis labrusca, fox grape. 

 **Vitis vulpina, frost grape. 



Herbaceous Plants. 



**Aralia nudicaulis, sarsaparilla. 



Fagopyrum esculentum, buckwheat. 

 **Fragaria virginiana, strawberry. 



Gauliheria procumbens, checkerberry. 



Helianthus annuus, sunflower. 

 **Phytolacca decandra, pokeberry. 

 Smilacina racemosa, false spikenard. 

 Solanuni nigrum, nightshade. 



It should be noted that the poison ivy and the poison sumac 

 are undesirable for indiscriminate planting, and that the bar- 

 berry, although generally regarded as a native, is, as Mr. Ken- 

 nard remarks, an introduced species. 



The first deciduous tree on the above list, the ash-leaved 

 maple or box elder, is noteworthy as a favorite of the evening 

 grosbeak while wintering here, and it seems probable that since 

 this beautiful bird has become a winter resident here in recent 

 years it might be induced to come and remain in larger num- 

 bers if many of these trees were planted. 



The American beech, while not attractive to small birds, 

 furnishes in its fruit a supply of food in autumn for ducks and 

 grouse. The oaks, which supply much insect food for many 

 birds, also furnish food in the form of acorns for ducks, grouse, 

 jays and crows. My own experience goes to show that Cornus 

 alternifolia is most important among the cornels. The Virginia 

 creeper or woodbine is useful, as its fruit is sought by thrushes. 

 Among the herbaceous plants the pokeweed and the sunflower 



