30 CHEMISTRY OF FARM PRACTICE 



chloride, and HgCk is called mercuric chloride. The 

 compound in which there is the larger ratio of non-metallic 

 component assumes the termination ic, while the com- 

 pound having the smaller proportion of the non-metallic 

 component has the termination ous. For example: FeO 

 is ferrous oxide; Fe2Os is feme oxide; SnS is stannous 

 sulphide; Sn$2 is stanm'c sulphide. 



(2) Nomenclature of Acids. The name of the acid- 

 forming element to which is added the affix ic is assigned 

 to the most common acid formed by that element: Thus 

 sulphuric acid, H^SCX; phosphoric acid, HsPC^; chloric 

 acid, HClOs. When the elements form an acid which 

 contains a larger amount of oxygen, the prefix per is used, 

 as persulphuric acid, H^SiOg. In case the element forms 

 an acid containing less oxygen than its ic acid, the termina- 

 tion ous is used, as sulphurous acid, H^SOs. An acid with 

 still less oxygen is designated by the prefix hypo as well as 

 the affix ous; as H2SO2, hyposulphurous acid. 



(3) Nomenclature of Salts. Names of those salts which 

 contain more than two elements are determined from the 

 names of the acids from which they are derived. Here 

 are the two important cases: 



The names of salts end in ate which are derived from acids 

 ending in ic. 



The names of salts end in ite which are derived from 

 acids ending in ous. 



Examples: 



Sodium sulphate, Na2S(>4, formed from sulphuric acid, 

 H 2 SO 4 . 



Silver nitrate, AgNOs, formed from nitric acid, HNOs. 



Sodium sulphite, Na2SOa, formed from sulphurous acid, 

 H 2 S0 3 . 



Sodium hyposulphite, Na2SC>2, formed from hyposul- 

 phunms acid, H2S02. 



The following illustrate the series of chlorine acids 

 and the salts derived from them: 



